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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 3703531, member: 75937"]<i>Post comments, coins, or anything you feel is relevant!</i></p><p><br /></p><p>The clothing of the Roman matron remained remarkably constant, remaining essentially unchanged from the Republican period until well into the fourth century, when the <i>stola</i> and <i>palla</i> were supplanted by the <i>dalmatica</i>, a tunic with sleeves worn by both men and women.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Roman woman's costume began with a <i>tunica intima</i>, a simple chemise undergarment with or without sleeves, depending on the weather or fashion statement desired. Over this, she wore a <i>stola</i>, the feminine equivalent of the <i>toga</i>. The <i>stola</i> was typically made of wool or linen and was longer than the body, and was slit at the top on both sides so it could be placed over the head. The <i>stola</i> was often white, but could be dyed or have colorful borders along the neck and around the edge for decoration. Coins sometimes depict <i>stolae</i> with decorations over the breasts. Clasps called <i>fibulae</i> fastened the slits together at the shoulders, and the garment was gathered below the breasts by a cloth belt to form vertically falling folds and adjusted such that the lower hem came just off the ground. Sometimes a second, broad band was worn around the waist. The <i>stola</i> could either be sleeveless or be broad enough that the portion overhanging the shoulder formed a half sleeve, or could have full sleeves. The combination of <i>tunica intima</i>, <i>stola</i>, and sandals called <i>solae</i> formed the clothing worn indoors.</p><p><br /></p><p>When outdoors, a Roman matron supplemented her <i>stola</i> with a <i>palla</i> (which could also be worn indoors, if desired). The <i>palla</i> was a square cloth worn by women over the <i>stola</i> as an outer garment. It could be worn in a variety of ways. She could wear it across the shoulders and down the back as a shawl; alternatively, part of the <i>palla</i> would be placed over the left shoulder, drawn over the back, and the rest would either be brought forward over the right shoulder or drawn under the right arm. Whether over or under the right arm, the woman then threw the end back over the left arm or the shoulder, depending on comfort or fashion. Like the toga, the <i>palla</i> could be drawn over the head as a veil for warmth or, modestly for religious observances. It was always drawn up as a veil when the woman was outside the home, preserving her modesty, such as a <i>hijab</i> in many modern Muslim societies. On her feet, when out of doors, she wore leather shoes called <i>calcei</i>, such as illustrated in <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/ancient-roman-womans-shoe-show-footwear-on-coins.336680/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/ancient-roman-womans-shoe-show-footwear-on-coins.336680/">this thread</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Lastly, women wore jewelry, such as necklaces, bracelets, earrings and headbands of gold and precious stones skillfully inserted into the hairdo.</p><p><br /></p><p>Coins frequently illustrate the Roman woman's garb, particularly on the goddesses depicted on their reverses.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992749[/ATTACH]</p><p>In this domestic, indoor, child-rearing scene, Juno wears only the <i>stola</i> over her <i>tunica intima</i>, saving her <i>palla</i> from being soiled by baby puke. Don't worry, though; she will don it before going out to the market later in the morning. It is tied by a belt at the waist, which cannot be seen because the upper portion of the <i>stola</i> drapes over the belt to form a skirt-like effect. The <i><u>stola</u></i> is also bound by a smaller band below the breasts.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992740[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>Julia Domna wearing a <i>stola </i>and <i>palla</i>. The <i>stola</i> is fastened at the shoulder with a fibula. Over her <i>stola</i>, she wears a <i>palla</i> draped across her left shoulder, wrapped around her back, and over her right shoulder and across her chest. The goddess Hilaritas on the reverse wears a <i>stola</i> gathered below the breast with a belt, and her <i>palla</i> is draped over her left shoulder, around the back, under the right arm, across her waist and over her left elbow.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992745[/ATTACH]</p><p>Felicitas wears the <i>stola</i> and <i>palla</i> in the fashion of Hilaritas on the denarius of Julia Domna above: the stola is gathered by a belt below the breasts to form a long skirt of downwardly falling vertical folds; the <i>palla</i> is worn draped over the left shoulder, around the back, under the right arm, and over the left elbow.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992753[/ATTACH]</p><p>Felicitas's <i>stola</i> is worn similarly, but is decorated over the breasts.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992754[/ATTACH]</p><p>So is Libertas's <i>stola</i> here.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992751[/ATTACH]</p><p>Tranquillina wears her palla draped across both shoulders and gathered together in the front. Demeter on the coin's reverse wears her palla like a shawl, draping it across both shoulders and down her back.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992752[/ATTACH]</p><p>The ever modest Pudicitia wears her palla over her head as a veil and draped across her back and shoulders. Her stola is gathered by two belts, one under the breasts (hidden beneath the pleats of the overhanging stola), and another at the waist (also hidden beneath the pleats of the overhanging stola).</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992755[/ATTACH]</p><p>Here, the deified Faustina I wears her <i>palla</i> as a veil. She also has ornaments sewn into the chignon at the top of her hair. Pietas on the reverse wears a <i>stephane</i> and her <i>palla</i> over the head as a veil (appropriate for a religious ceremony), across the left shoulder and back and under her right arm and over her left forearm. A belt gathers her <i>stola </i>below the breasts.</p><p><br /></p><p>And the most famous depiction of Libertas wearing a sleeved <i>stola</i> and a <i>palla</i> over the left shoulder, across the back, under the right arm and back to the left shoulder, where it is fastened by a <i>fibula</i>:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]992757[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 3703531, member: 75937"][I]Post comments, coins, or anything you feel is relevant![/I] The clothing of the Roman matron remained remarkably constant, remaining essentially unchanged from the Republican period until well into the fourth century, when the [I]stola[/I] and [I]palla[/I] were supplanted by the [I]dalmatica[/I], a tunic with sleeves worn by both men and women. The Roman woman's costume began with a [I]tunica intima[/I], a simple chemise undergarment with or without sleeves, depending on the weather or fashion statement desired. Over this, she wore a [I]stola[/I], the feminine equivalent of the [I]toga[/I]. The [I]stola[/I] was typically made of wool or linen and was longer than the body, and was slit at the top on both sides so it could be placed over the head. The [I]stola[/I] was often white, but could be dyed or have colorful borders along the neck and around the edge for decoration. Coins sometimes depict [I]stolae[/I] with decorations over the breasts. Clasps called [I]fibulae[/I] fastened the slits together at the shoulders, and the garment was gathered below the breasts by a cloth belt to form vertically falling folds and adjusted such that the lower hem came just off the ground. Sometimes a second, broad band was worn around the waist. The [I]stola[/I] could either be sleeveless or be broad enough that the portion overhanging the shoulder formed a half sleeve, or could have full sleeves. The combination of [I]tunica intima[/I], [I]stola[/I], and sandals called [I]solae[/I] formed the clothing worn indoors. When outdoors, a Roman matron supplemented her [I]stola[/I] with a [I]palla[/I] (which could also be worn indoors, if desired). The [I]palla[/I] was a square cloth worn by women over the [I]stola[/I] as an outer garment. It could be worn in a variety of ways. She could wear it across the shoulders and down the back as a shawl; alternatively, part of the [I]palla[/I] would be placed over the left shoulder, drawn over the back, and the rest would either be brought forward over the right shoulder or drawn under the right arm. Whether over or under the right arm, the woman then threw the end back over the left arm or the shoulder, depending on comfort or fashion. Like the toga, the [I]palla[/I] could be drawn over the head as a veil for warmth or, modestly for religious observances. It was always drawn up as a veil when the woman was outside the home, preserving her modesty, such as a [I]hijab[/I] in many modern Muslim societies. On her feet, when out of doors, she wore leather shoes called [I]calcei[/I], such as illustrated in [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/ancient-roman-womans-shoe-show-footwear-on-coins.336680/']this thread[/URL]. Lastly, women wore jewelry, such as necklaces, bracelets, earrings and headbands of gold and precious stones skillfully inserted into the hairdo. Coins frequently illustrate the Roman woman's garb, particularly on the goddesses depicted on their reverses. [ATTACH=full]992749[/ATTACH] In this domestic, indoor, child-rearing scene, Juno wears only the [I]stola[/I] over her [I]tunica intima[/I], saving her [I]palla[/I] from being soiled by baby puke. Don't worry, though; she will don it before going out to the market later in the morning. It is tied by a belt at the waist, which cannot be seen because the upper portion of the [I]stola[/I] drapes over the belt to form a skirt-like effect. The [I][U]stola[/U][/I] is also bound by a smaller band below the breasts. [ATTACH=full]992740[/ATTACH] Julia Domna wearing a [I]stola [/I]and [I]palla[/I]. The [I]stola[/I] is fastened at the shoulder with a fibula. Over her [I]stola[/I], she wears a [I]palla[/I] draped across her left shoulder, wrapped around her back, and over her right shoulder and across her chest. The goddess Hilaritas on the reverse wears a [I]stola[/I] gathered below the breast with a belt, and her [I]palla[/I] is draped over her left shoulder, around the back, under the right arm, across her waist and over her left elbow. [ATTACH=full]992745[/ATTACH] Felicitas wears the [I]stola[/I] and [I]palla[/I] in the fashion of Hilaritas on the denarius of Julia Domna above: the stola is gathered by a belt below the breasts to form a long skirt of downwardly falling vertical folds; the [I]palla[/I] is worn draped over the left shoulder, around the back, under the right arm, and over the left elbow. [ATTACH=full]992753[/ATTACH] Felicitas's [I]stola[/I] is worn similarly, but is decorated over the breasts. [ATTACH=full]992754[/ATTACH] So is Libertas's [I]stola[/I] here. [ATTACH=full]992751[/ATTACH] Tranquillina wears her palla draped across both shoulders and gathered together in the front. Demeter on the coin's reverse wears her palla like a shawl, draping it across both shoulders and down her back. [ATTACH=full]992752[/ATTACH] The ever modest Pudicitia wears her palla over her head as a veil and draped across her back and shoulders. Her stola is gathered by two belts, one under the breasts (hidden beneath the pleats of the overhanging stola), and another at the waist (also hidden beneath the pleats of the overhanging stola). [ATTACH=full]992755[/ATTACH] Here, the deified Faustina I wears her [I]palla[/I] as a veil. She also has ornaments sewn into the chignon at the top of her hair. Pietas on the reverse wears a [I]stephane[/I] and her [I]palla[/I] over the head as a veil (appropriate for a religious ceremony), across the left shoulder and back and under her right arm and over her left forearm. A belt gathers her [I]stola [/I]below the breasts. And the most famous depiction of Libertas wearing a sleeved [I]stola[/I] and a [I]palla[/I] over the left shoulder, across the back, under the right arm and back to the left shoulder, where it is fastened by a [I]fibula[/I]: [ATTACH=full]992757[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]
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