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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Marc Aceton, post: 2020824, member: 72101&quot;]I would rather say &quot;painting &amp; tooling&quot; are not my friends. &quot;Smoothing&quot; is frequently condemned as wrong and let me repeat at this point something I said about it in another tread.</p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><i>In the catalog descriptions, the term &quot;smoothing&quot; is frequently abused in order to avoid the terms &quot;tooling&quot; or &quot;re-cutting&quot;.</i></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><br /></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><i>In Germany, restorers are equating &quot;smoothing&quot; with cleaning since smoothing is the best way of describing the procedure of exposing an object because it is performed by ablating oxides, earth or sinter residues layer after layer. Virtually every object from ancient times is subjected to this &quot;smoothing&quot; (or cleaning) process.</i></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><br /></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><i>If the former epidermis of the object, which is for bronzes equivalent to the cuprite layer, is not penetrated, this kind of &quot;smoothing&quot; (or cleaning) is absolutely legitimate. Despite to &quot;tooling&quot; or &quot;detail re-cutting&quot;, during &quot;smoothing&quot;, the cleaner guides his tool in parallel to the coin&#039;s surface instead of cutting perpendicularly to the surface into the metal. &quot;Smoothing&quot; is exposing an object whereas &quot;tooling&quot; or &quot;detail re-cutting&quot; are forging it.</i></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><br /></span></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: #b300b3"><i>Of course &quot;smoothing&quot; (or cleaning) should not only focus on exposing the object. It should also consider the aesthetic appeal. A professional, skillful cleaner knows when to stop ablating oxides, earth and sinter residues even before the former epidermis is reached in order to avoid a spotty appearance or surfaces becoming rough.</i></span></font></p><p><br /></p><p>A video that depicts in a very good manner what I understand under &quot;smoothing&quot; is this one here. Unfortunately, it is demonstrated using the example of a billon coin but a very similar approach is also applied for bronzes - with the exception of the usage of acid, which is also mentioned in this video.</p><p><br /></p><p>[MEDIA=youtube]sBgUX6fXG5k[/MEDIA][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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