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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;PaulW, post: 1813809, member: 57530&quot;]Thanks for the post.&nbsp; I managed to find the article that goes with the sketch.&nbsp; Very informative and makes complete sense.&nbsp; </p><p><br /></p><p>Looking at the coins posted above, it has to be hub doubling.&nbsp; I understand that American coins are well studied and doubling rules can be applied rigidly.&nbsp; My question is: can there be a situation where a minting press is so deteriorated that machine doubling can actually start looking like hub doubling with proper notching and even full separation between the devices?&nbsp; The type of coins posted by me above were struck by Germans for occupied Poland during WW I.&nbsp; Not much care was taken in the minting process.&nbsp; There are many examples of spectacular doubling with Królestwo Polskie coins.&nbsp; It has to be a mix of machine and hub doubled specimens, but can the same identification rules be applied to these coins as to the American ones where minting process, even in those days, was much more controlled and rigorous?&nbsp; Can a die jump off so much as to give the same result as hub doubling?&nbsp; This might be a naive question because the field and devices closest to the edge would also be affected during a massive die shift.&nbsp; Are die rotations possibe inside a mount? </p><p><br /></p><p>Below is another example of doubling on Królestwo Polskie coin, so far known only from one coin. </p><p><img src="http://i33.tinypic.com/1zyzpeq.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" />[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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