Featured Learn About Die Doubling...

cheng · Dec 24, 2014

Andy Kim said: ↑

That isn't a rare coin. Can be worth about 1$.
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You just havent seen the ddo pic I have

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Seattlite86 · Feb 14, 2015

jtwax said: ↑

How Doubled Dies are Created and Their Classes.

Determining Die Doubling from Other Forms of Doubling. (Requires Acrobat Reader)

Take the Doubling I.Q. Test.

Doubling: Worthless or Valuable?

What is an RPM or OMM?

Two exciting varieties to collect. Two formidable tasks that require a steady stream of knowledge, information and most importantly, help. If you decide to explore their potential enjoyment and challenge then here is some information and perhaps a little, help.

You should be familiar with the minting process before you dwell to deeply into acquiring RPMs and OMMs. It would be wiser to have more than just a cursory knowledge of the minting process of course, so it is recommend that you try to obtain a book or reference on this subject when you can.

RPM and OMM varieties are closely associated with the DIE as part of the overall minting process, so it is also highly recommended that you at least perceive how a die is created and obtain reference materials on this specific subject too. As you read this RPM and OMM information, you will understand the importance of gaining knowledge about the die-making process.

At the Mint, a die is created. When the die is almost finished by the mint workers there comes the task of placing the Mint mark on the die before it will be used to produce millions of coins (pre-1990).

The Mint employee who puts the Mint mark on the die is commonly referred to as the ENGRAVER. The engraver is sitting behind a counter or table. In front of him or her will be clamps or a device commonly know as a "vice". The die is secured between this clamp or vice so it will not move during the remainder of this process. On the table nearby, the engraver will have a detailed sketch or drawing of the coin design. On this drawing there will be a special highlighted area where the Mint mark is to be placed. By "area" we are referring to a specific designated place on the die that is much wider and longer than the actual size of a Mint mark. There is plenty of room or latitude for the engraver to work within. This latitude explains why you will find a "S" Mint mark say, for 1955 cents, in different locations under the date. For instance, on one die for 1955 S cents the Mint mark was placed just to the right or east under the "9" of the date. On another die the Mint mark is found directly under the "5" of the date. Both Mint marks are within the space or area shown on the sketch, yet in different locations therefore within the Mint "standards".

The Mint mark punch is typical of punches you can purchase at any hardware store. At the Mint, the shaft of the punches are color-coded by using different colors of paint so the engraver can easily determine which punch has the Mint mark of "D" or "S" and so on. The shaft of the punch is "V" shaped. This "V" shape grooving on the side of the shaft allows the engraver to readily "feel" that the punch is in the proper upright (or normal) position. At the end of the punch is the letter of the Mint mark in its normal size, shape, etc.

The engraver looks at the sketch and the location or area where the Mint mark is to be positioned or placed. Once the engraver is satisfied that the "V" shaped grooves are in his hand correctly and that the tip of the punch that has the Mint mark of "D" or "S", etc., is the proper position, the thick end or top of the punch is hit firmly by a mallet.

How hard is the punch hit? However hard the engravers experience, expertise, judgment and ability deems appropriate. How many times is the punch hit? However many times the engravers experience, expertise, judgment and ability deems appropriate. No one really knows the answer to this question. But one thing is for sure - Variety collectors can at least intelligently guess how hard and how many times. That's one of the primary reasons they collect these varieties in the first place!

It is generally accepted consensus of RPM and OMM collectors that the engraver strikes the punch with the mallet more than one time in order to assure that the Mint mark is sufficiently imprinted into the die face. However, it is equally noteworthy that many times the Mint mark is placed on the die with only one blow to the mallet in the opinion of some experts.

RPMs occur after the engraver strikes the mallet with the first blow to the top of the punch. Remember that the Mint mark punch is hand held and struck by the mallet in this manner. After the first blow, the engraver will check that the Mint mark has been placed inside the designated area that is on the sketch. A careful check will also be made to assure that the Mint mark punched into the die is clearly visible and sufficient enough for the coining process. If, in the judgment of the engraver, another blow with the mallet is required the punch is placed back on top to the original Mint mark and struck again, or again, or again, or .... until the engraver is satisfied. It is also possible that the initial blow from the mallet to strike the Mint mark could cause a "bounce" of the punch, thus creating a doubled, tripled, or more Mint mark punch.

The exact repositioning of the tip of the punch on top of the Mint mark already placed on the die requires a steady hand, keen eyesight, and solid nerves. If the Mint mark at the tip of the punch for the second strike is not positioned exactly on top of the existing Mint mark then a RPM has been created. If a third, fourth, fifth, six, etc., blows occur then multiples of the Mint mark can and have appeared. This inaccuracy is the foundation for the joy of searching for RPMs!

An OMM is a coin that has two (2) different letters or Mint marks punched into the same die. It is generally accepted by the RPM and OMM variety community that there are two primary reasons why a die would have two distinctly different Mint marks.

The first reason is premised upon economic measures instituted by the Mint. A die already has, say, a "D" Mint mark in the die. The die is in such a condition where it can continue to be used to produce coins, so a decision is made by the Mint to use the "D" Mint mark die for "S" Mint mark coins. It is ordered that a "S" be punched on top of the original "D". The "S" Mint mark coins with the "D" underneath are produced and a OMM is created for the collector!

The second reason is not associated with Mint policy, practices, or cost-saving efforts, but rather, a unintentional mistake by the engraver. Remember that the punch the engraver used is colored so they would know which punch had a "D", "S" etc. Picture that the engraver has a die which requires a "D" Mint mark. The "S' punch is unintentional picked-up and the blow by the mallet is struck. The engraver is checking this first blow to be assure it is inside the area shown on the sketch. The engraver sees the "S" Mint mark was used and not the "D". An error has occurred. Instead of discarding the die the engraver simply takes the correct "D" Mint mark punch and "covers" his mistake with it via several blows to the mallet. No harm done. The die is usable for its life in the coining press.

Conversely, the engraver may not even notice that a "S" has been placed on the die intended for a "D". An interruption, break, lunch, etc., and the engraver returns to the task at hand. Pick-up the colored punch with the "D" Mint mark and strike one or more blows to the mallet without looking at the original or error "S" Mint mark that is showing. The engraver unintentionally made a mistake and never knew it. If the engraver did look and did see the "S" no one but the engraver will ever know.

RPMs and OMMs come in many different forms and configurations. No in-depth discussion of these attributes is necessary right now, but for your enjoyment of "the hunt", RPMs and OMMs can be found in a vertical over horizontal position: a vertical over inverted position: on top or under the number (s) of the date: with two totally separated Mint marks: even tilted: and, the overlapping of a Mint mark once or several times in succession.

If terms such as "inverted" or "vertical" or "tilted" seem confusing, even contradictory, when thinking of the engraver sitting there at the bench with the punch in hand that is waiting to be struck by the mallet then welcome to the great realm of RPM and OMM collecting! Whatever you do, don't fret over the terms.

Lastly, don't forget that since 1990 the Mint mark has been made directly on the die. There will be no true RPMs and OMMs from 1990 to the present. No big deal, though. There are thousands and thousand out there in variety-land just waiting to be collected and discovered... by you!

- by George Wilkinson
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Do you have updated links for this? I'd like to do some studying.

loopytoad74 · May 20, 2015

Priceless information..thankyou thankyou and more thankyou's.

joecoincollect · Jun 11, 2015

BNL84 said: ↑

Sent from my DROID RAZR HD using Tapatalk
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For the Machine Doubling pic, you point out "flattened" area. But this looks curved, ie what you're pointing at. If anything is flattened, I'd say the hub doubled pic has more "flattened" areas. I'm confused

joecoincollect · Jun 11, 2015

Can the OP or someone define OMM. It is discussed in the essay but never once defined!

Dougmeister · Jun 11, 2015

joecoincollect said: ↑

Can the OP or someone define OMM. It is discussed in the essay but never once defined!
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Over-punched Mint Mark

https://www.google.com/#q=OMM+coin+definition

techwriter · Oct 8, 2015

Couple die polishing examples from personal collection:

techwriter · Oct 8, 2015

Example of Repunched Date: 1877 CC 25 Cents:

ValpoBeginner · Feb 15, 2016

Good article. I'm not too good at seeing the less obvious doubling, especially on proofs. Was hoping that this is the 1961 50c DDR

rmpsrpms · Mar 5, 2016

Folks might be interested to see an animated overlay I just did of a 1944-S DDO showing as a thickening and doubling of the 1-9-4-4 of the date, compared with a "normal" Cent from 1944-S.

Mad chang · May 29, 2016

is this from doubling or is it from something else can someone help please..

CAM2 · Jul 27, 2016

Hello...Found what appears to be a very peculiar 1952D penny....

It appears to have been creatively pressed many times to create the crater you see in Abes head.....

In the center of the crater you can see the ear...the whole outside of yhe crater seems to be comprised of ear and hair creating what could be interpreted as maybe the bullet hole John z Wilkes Booth inflicted on our dear President...

Either way I find it a very rare aswell as very find in my spare change jar.

CAM2 · Jul 27, 2016

[/UR L][/IMG] Found a penny in my jar that looks peculiar.

Any insight as to what it classifies under other than PMD?....

cletis faye · Jul 28, 2016

CAM2 · Aug 8, 2016

After a dilligent search and asking other online experts aswell as frequenting error coin websites the only explaination to the way this 1952D lincoln wheat cent penny was made is through 4-6 multiple strikes in a complete 360 degree pattern....

From what I researched...The more multiples of strikes the more the monetary value multiplies and if this is true this is a very rare and truley one of a kind mint error.

How can I get the penny error confirmed and if this indeed is a MSE coin how can I get it confirmed aswell as graded and appraised?

Do I have to send this thing to the mint for authentication?

RepublicMetals9999 · Sep 7, 2016

Very informative read, even for someone like myself who works in the industry!

CAM2 · Sep 7, 2016

RepublicMetals9999 said: ↑

Very informative read, even for someone like myself who works in the industry!
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Whats your opinion on these specimens......?

First 1985

second 1985

CAM2 · Sep 7, 2016

RepublicMetals9999 · Sep 7, 2016

CAM2 said: ↑

View attachment 535028
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I would be doing you a disservice if I gave you my opinion without telling you that I do not have much expertise with error coins of this kind. My experience in the industry has been working in my company's (Republic Metals Corporation's) minting facility and we don't make dies the same way the U.S. mint does. We mint investment-grade bullion as well as proof-like finish products. When I worked in the minting department, I operated the coin presses and have experienced what we call "miss-strikes."(you probably know this term already but I like to be thorough). A miss-strike is when the press malfunctions or the operator makes an error while pressing coins, resulting in some really cool looking "masterpieces". You'd be surprised what 5 coins pressed together look like!
(Maybe that's why I work in the offices now ;p)
However, those are some serious RPMs. Love the 2016 one!

Caliwiser · Sep 25, 2016

I have a 1973-D Kennedy half dollar possible double die? Is there any value? If any besides face value?

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