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<p>[QUOTE="Larry49, post: 4714229, member: 108876"][ATTACH]1156073[/ATTACH] [ATTACH]1156074[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>As described on p. 284 of James Conder’s original list (1798):</p><p><br /></p><p>Yorkshire (halfpenny size)</p><p>29. O. A West View of York Cathedral. Ex. “York, 1795.”</p><p> R. View of a Castle and Drawbridge, “Clifford’s Tower, A.D. 1100.”</p><p> E. “York Built A.M. 1223, Cathedral rebuilt A.D. 1075.”</p><p><br /></p><p>May I also recommend a stunning volume by Jon D. Lusk, <i>British and Irish Tradesmen and their Copper Tokens of 1787-1804 </i>(Ypsilanti Michigan, 2014) – even though it does not include my York token.</p><p><a href="https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n24a04.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n24a04.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n24a04.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p>York Castle, a fortified complex and an important royal fortification in the north of England built originally on the orders of the Norman King William I to dominate the former Viking city of York; after a major explosion in 1684 rendered the remaining military defences uninhabitable, York Castle continued to be used as a jail and prison until 1929; by the late 20th century the ruin of Clifford's Tower had become a well-known tourist destination and national monument; today the site is owned by English Heritage and open to the public. <a href="https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces108349.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces108349.html" rel="nofollow">https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces108349.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Clifford’s Tower is what remains of the Castle of York. The original was built by William the Conqueror. Highlights and lowlights in its history are noted in the online guide: <a href="https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-york/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-york/" rel="nofollow">https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-york/</a></p><p><br /></p><p>In Jewish history, the castle is known as the place where the Jews of York took refuge in March, 1190 when attacked by a mob at the time of the Third Crusade (Richard the Lion-Heart). Without any means of escape, most took their own lives. The massacre is commemorated in a 1961 poem by the late British poet <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/jon-silkin#tab-poems" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/jon-silkin#tab-poems" rel="nofollow">Jon Silkin</a>:</p><p><br /></p><p>…Absence of Jews</p><p>Through hatred, or indifference,</p><p>A gap they slip through, a conscience</p><p>That corrodes more deeply since it is</p><p>Forgotten – this deadens York.</p><p>…</p><p>All Europe is touched</p><p>With some of frigid York,</p><p>As York is now by Europe.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Larry49, post: 4714229, member: 108876"][ATTACH]1156073[/ATTACH] [ATTACH]1156074[/ATTACH] As described on p. 284 of James Conder’s original list (1798): Yorkshire (halfpenny size) 29. O. A West View of York Cathedral. Ex. “York, 1795.” R. View of a Castle and Drawbridge, “Clifford’s Tower, A.D. 1100.” E. “York Built A.M. 1223, Cathedral rebuilt A.D. 1075.” May I also recommend a stunning volume by Jon D. Lusk, [I]British and Irish Tradesmen and their Copper Tokens of 1787-1804 [/I](Ypsilanti Michigan, 2014) – even though it does not include my York token. [URL]https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n24a04.html[/URL] York Castle, a fortified complex and an important royal fortification in the north of England built originally on the orders of the Norman King William I to dominate the former Viking city of York; after a major explosion in 1684 rendered the remaining military defences uninhabitable, York Castle continued to be used as a jail and prison until 1929; by the late 20th century the ruin of Clifford's Tower had become a well-known tourist destination and national monument; today the site is owned by English Heritage and open to the public. [URL]https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces108349.html[/URL] Clifford’s Tower is what remains of the Castle of York. The original was built by William the Conqueror. Highlights and lowlights in its history are noted in the online guide: [URL]https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/cliffords-tower-york/[/URL] In Jewish history, the castle is known as the place where the Jews of York took refuge in March, 1190 when attacked by a mob at the time of the Third Crusade (Richard the Lion-Heart). Without any means of escape, most took their own lives. The massacre is commemorated in a 1961 poem by the late British poet [URL='https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/jon-silkin#tab-poems']Jon Silkin[/URL]: …Absence of Jews Through hatred, or indifference, A gap they slip through, a conscience That corrodes more deeply since it is Forgotten – this deadens York. … All Europe is touched With some of frigid York, As York is now by Europe.[/QUOTE]
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