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L. Julius Bursio AR Denarius Control Mark
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<p>[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 24635011, member: 26430"]... Continued...</p><p><br /></p><p>Not all Republican Denarii used control symbols at all. But this period has great ones -- maybe even the "golden age of the control symbol"?</p><p><br /></p><blockquote><p>[<b>Edit</b>: Control marks used c. 126-63 (one in 44). See RBW's great article on "The Use of Die Marks on Roman Republican Coinage" (2012, <i>Revue Belge de Numismatique</i> 158, pp. 63-84); PDF avail from Liv Yarrow:</p><p><a href="https://brooklynsabbatical.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/witschonke-2012-die-marks-rbn.pdf" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://brooklynsabbatical.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/witschonke-2012-die-marks-rbn.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://brooklynsabbatical.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/witschonke-2012-die-marks-rbn.pdf</a> </p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>From my collection, my favorite control symbol is probably the serpent-entwined-staff in the rev. exergue on this Censorinus Denarius (and less interesting CX above). (This one happens to be illustrated on the ANS websites mentioned in my comment above.)</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1567372[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="4"><b>Roman Republican. C. Marcius Censorinus AR Denarius</b>, Rome, 88 BCE. </font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Obv</b>: Laureate head of Apollo right. </font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Ref</b>: CX (above), C•CENSORI (below). Horse galloping right. Serpent entwined staff in exergue. </font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Ref</b>: Crawford 346/2b; RSC Marcia 19; Sydenham 714; ANS 1947.2.85 (same dies; <a href="http://numismatics.org/collection/1947.2.85" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/collection/1947.2.85" rel="nofollow">LINK</a>); British Museum 1843,0116.775 (same dies; <a href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1843-0116-775" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1843-0116-775" rel="nofollow">LINK</a>)... </font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Prov</b>: Bought for family coll. by my father, CSJ (online?); Ex Long Island Nov 2010 (?).</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>This coin illustrated online</b>: ANS <a href="http://numismatics.org/sitnam/id/f110ef9a" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/sitnam/id/f110ef9a" rel="nofollow"><b>SITNAM</b> (f110ef9a)</a>;</font></p><p><font size="4">ANS <a href="https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-346.2b?page=6#examples" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-346.2b?page=6#examples" rel="nofollow"><b>CRRO</b> 346-2b, page 6</a> (9th Row, middle = 266th coin); </font></p><p><font size="4">ANS <a href="http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399" rel="nofollow"><b>RRDP / Schaefer Binder</b> 11 (300-399)</a>, page 358 (Die-pair 64? 4th Column, 2nd Row).</font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1567373[/ATTACH]</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Like the "CX" (crescent X?) above, a lot of control symbols were just functional and rather boring.</p><p><br /></p><p>My L. Julius Caesar denarius below (not "the" Julius Caesar, but an ancestor) has boring ones on both sides. To make it extra boring, on this type they used the same symbol on both sides.</p><p><br /></p><p>Luckily it's a pretty entertaining scene otherwise (a flying Cupid-drawn carriage) with an interesting secondary device included (the lyre to left).</p><p><br /></p><p>This one appears in the Schaefer Binders twice (<i>Sammlung</i> Leo Benz & Kricheldorf 29, where Benz bought it), but when cataloging the Krich. 29 specimen, the dot was missed (i.e., "ꓘ" not "·ꓘ", totally forgivable using old catalog photos):</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1567374[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="4"><b>Roman Republic. L. Julius L.f. Caesar (Moneyer, 103 BCE) AR Denarius</b> (3.92g, 17mm, 12h). Rome, 103 BCE.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Obv</b>: CAESAR. Helmeted head of Mars, left, to left: ·ꓘ.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Rev</b>: B L·IVLI·L·F. Venus riding left in biga driven by winged Cupids, holding sceptre and reins, lyre below, above: ·ꓘ.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Ref</b>: Crawford 320/1 [<a href="https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-320.1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-320.1" rel="nofollow">ANS CRRO 320.1</a>; this specimen not yet added to SITNAM or CRRO].</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Pub</b>: <a href="http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399" rel="nofollow">ANS RRDP, Schaefer Binder #19 (Processed, 300-399)</a>: pp. 119 (ꓘ) & 121 (·ꓘ).</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Prov</b>: Ex Scipio Collection, Part III (Soler y Llach 1124 [23 Feb 22], 458);</font></p><p><font size="4">Leo Benz (1906-1996) Collection (Lanz 88 [23 Nov 98], 407; acq. Kricheldorf 29 [3 Mar 75], 249).</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>As in the example above, even without interesting control symbols, the secondary devices in the design were often the most interesting part of Roman Republican Denarii. That was especially true in the earlier periods when the designs were much more rigid and allowed less room for creative variations (especially late in that period, when freedom opened for minor displays of individuality, as below).</p><p><br /></p><p>For the first 50-100 years of Denarii, only one a few basic reverse designs were permitted (first the Dioscuri and, later, also horse & chariot designs). Adding a small symbol (e.g., an animal) was the only opportunity for a bit of creative individuality.</p><p><br /></p><p>A favorite of mine appears on Antestia Denarii: a happy little running water dog (proto-poodle, coiffed with a "lion cut"?). Not a "control symbol," but a minor detail that becomes the most interesting thing about this coin type:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1567375[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="4"><b>Roman Republic. C. Antestius AR Denarius</b> (3.81g, 19mm), Rome, 146 BCE.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Obv</b>: C•ANTESTI (ANTE ligate) to l. Head of Roma r., X below chin.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Rev</b>: ROMA in exergue. The Dioscuri holding spears, riding r.; dog running r., both fore-feet raised.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Ref</b>: Antestia 1; Craw 219/1e.</font></p><p><font size="4"><b>Prov</b>: Ex-Artemide Aste 11 (26 Jan 20), 236.</font></p></blockquote><p>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Curtis, post: 24635011, member: 26430"]... Continued... Not all Republican Denarii used control symbols at all. But this period has great ones -- maybe even the "golden age of the control symbol"? [INDENT][[B]Edit[/B]: Control marks used c. 126-63 (one in 44). See RBW's great article on "The Use of Die Marks on Roman Republican Coinage" (2012, [I]Revue Belge de Numismatique[/I] 158, pp. 63-84); PDF avail from Liv Yarrow: [URL]https://brooklynsabbatical.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/witschonke-2012-die-marks-rbn.pdf[/URL] [/INDENT] From my collection, my favorite control symbol is probably the serpent-entwined-staff in the rev. exergue on this Censorinus Denarius (and less interesting CX above). (This one happens to be illustrated on the ANS websites mentioned in my comment above.) [ATTACH=full]1567372[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=4][B]Roman Republican. C. Marcius Censorinus AR Denarius[/B], Rome, 88 BCE. [B]Obv[/B]: Laureate head of Apollo right. [B]Ref[/B]: CX (above), C•CENSORI (below). Horse galloping right. Serpent entwined staff in exergue. [B]Ref[/B]: Crawford 346/2b; RSC Marcia 19; Sydenham 714; ANS 1947.2.85 (same dies; [URL='http://numismatics.org/collection/1947.2.85']LINK[/URL]); British Museum 1843,0116.775 (same dies; [URL='https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1843-0116-775']LINK[/URL])... [B]Prov[/B]: Bought for family coll. by my father, CSJ (online?); Ex Long Island Nov 2010 (?). [B]This coin illustrated online[/B]: ANS [URL='http://numismatics.org/sitnam/id/f110ef9a'][B]SITNAM[/B] (f110ef9a)[/URL]; ANS [URL='https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-346.2b?page=6#examples'][B]CRRO[/B] 346-2b, page 6[/URL] (9th Row, middle = 266th coin); ANS [URL='http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399'][B]RRDP / Schaefer Binder[/B] 11 (300-399)[/URL], page 358 (Die-pair 64? 4th Column, 2nd Row). [ATTACH=full]1567373[/ATTACH][/SIZE][/INDENT] Like the "CX" (crescent X?) above, a lot of control symbols were just functional and rather boring. My L. Julius Caesar denarius below (not "the" Julius Caesar, but an ancestor) has boring ones on both sides. To make it extra boring, on this type they used the same symbol on both sides. Luckily it's a pretty entertaining scene otherwise (a flying Cupid-drawn carriage) with an interesting secondary device included (the lyre to left). This one appears in the Schaefer Binders twice ([I]Sammlung[/I] Leo Benz & Kricheldorf 29, where Benz bought it), but when cataloging the Krich. 29 specimen, the dot was missed (i.e., "ꓘ" not "·ꓘ", totally forgivable using old catalog photos): [ATTACH=full]1567374[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=4][B]Roman Republic. L. Julius L.f. Caesar (Moneyer, 103 BCE) AR Denarius[/B] (3.92g, 17mm, 12h). Rome, 103 BCE. [B]Obv[/B]: CAESAR. Helmeted head of Mars, left, to left: ·ꓘ. [B]Rev[/B]: B L·IVLI·L·F. Venus riding left in biga driven by winged Cupids, holding sceptre and reins, lyre below, above: ·ꓘ. [B]Ref[/B]: Crawford 320/1 [[URL='https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-320.1']ANS CRRO 320.1[/URL]; this specimen not yet added to SITNAM or CRRO]. [B]Pub[/B]: [URL='http://numismatics.org/archives/ark:/53695/schaefer.rrdp.processed_300-399']ANS RRDP, Schaefer Binder #19 (Processed, 300-399)[/URL]: pp. 119 (ꓘ) & 121 (·ꓘ). [B]Prov[/B]: Ex Scipio Collection, Part III (Soler y Llach 1124 [23 Feb 22], 458); Leo Benz (1906-1996) Collection (Lanz 88 [23 Nov 98], 407; acq. Kricheldorf 29 [3 Mar 75], 249).[/SIZE][/INDENT] As in the example above, even without interesting control symbols, the secondary devices in the design were often the most interesting part of Roman Republican Denarii. That was especially true in the earlier periods when the designs were much more rigid and allowed less room for creative variations (especially late in that period, when freedom opened for minor displays of individuality, as below). For the first 50-100 years of Denarii, only one a few basic reverse designs were permitted (first the Dioscuri and, later, also horse & chariot designs). Adding a small symbol (e.g., an animal) was the only opportunity for a bit of creative individuality. A favorite of mine appears on Antestia Denarii: a happy little running water dog (proto-poodle, coiffed with a "lion cut"?). Not a "control symbol," but a minor detail that becomes the most interesting thing about this coin type: [ATTACH=full]1567375[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=4][B]Roman Republic. C. Antestius AR Denarius[/B] (3.81g, 19mm), Rome, 146 BCE. [B]Obv[/B]: C•ANTESTI (ANTE ligate) to l. Head of Roma r., X below chin. [B]Rev[/B]: ROMA in exergue. The Dioscuri holding spears, riding r.; dog running r., both fore-feet raised. [B]Ref[/B]: Antestia 1; Craw 219/1e. [B]Prov[/B]: Ex-Artemide Aste 11 (26 Jan 20), 236.[/SIZE][/INDENT][/QUOTE]
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