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Indo Sassanian Coinage - Series 1.2 - Proto-gadhaiya, "Chavada" Type
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<p>[QUOTE="Finn235, post: 3602229, member: 98035"]Following the enigmatic first series comes this series of increasingly Indianized coins. These are traditionally attributed to the Chavadas (also spelled Chavda or Chapa) of Gujarat, who ruled from c. 690-942. That attribution may or may not be correct. These coins are much more homogeneous, and it is within this series that we see the coins begin to shrink and thicken into a more familiar Gadhaiya Paisa fabric.</p><p><br /></p><p>Some consideration points for the series:</p><p><br /></p><p>General:</p><p>- All coins are struck in good silver, and tend to be more completely struck than their predecessors, but strike issues are nevertheless commonplace.</p><p>- The flan is almost always smaller than the die.</p><p>- These are reasonably homogeneous, and seem to follow an apparently linear development until they fork off into two distinct evolutionary tracks.</p><p><br /></p><p>Portrait:</p><p>- The head is usually tall with large, roundish cheeks. The brow is prominent and jutting, and the forehead is tall, narrow, and usually has a very slight backwards curve.</p><p>- Well-preserved specimens have prominent eyebrows. On many of these coins, the eyebrow terminates in a large dot above the nose.</p><p>- The eye is a large dot and hovers in a large, roughly circular eye socket. Halfway through the series, a line is added that runs through the eye.</p><p>- The nose is represented by a straight line which slopes downward at a roughly 45 degree angle</p><p>- The nostril and lips are represented by dots beneath the nose, and are not attached to the head</p><p>- Most specimens depict a long, thin mustache that runs from the top lip onto the head, and follows the curvature of the cheek to the back of the head.</p><p>- The chin is represented by a dot, and is not attached to the head.</p><p>- The beard is a single row of small dots that wraps around the head and up to the brim of the "hat".</p><p>- There actually is no "hat", instead there is a line of small dots that run from the border of the die, straight over the top of the head, and to the other end of the die.</p><p>- The wings are represented by curly shapes that somewhat represent upside down cornucopiae.</p><p>- The orb is present on all specimens that show that part of the die, and is now an upward-opening crescent with a large dot in the middle.</p><p>- The ear is a fairly standardized shape, and has the three-pearl earring present in the last series. Two pearls are directly attached via chains, while the third hovers between and below the other two.</p><p>- The hair bun usually displays as a star shape between the ear and rear ribbon</p><p>- The ribbons are larger than in the previous series, and again comprise three horizontal lines to form the "top" and a thin curvy line to form the "bottom"</p><p>- The necklace presents as a series of dots that dip into the curve of the shoulder pads. Early specimens show a raised crescent to represent the neck that would be visible between the bottom of the jaw and the necklace. This degrades into a thin crescent.</p><p>- The shoulder pads are usually smaller than on the previous series, and present as a club shape covered with dots.</p><p><br /></p><p>Fire Altar:</p><p>- The fire altar tends to take up more of the reverse than on previous coins. It still follows the same flame-bowl-shaft-base anatomy.</p><p>- The flame invariably follows a 4-3-2-1 pattern of dots</p><p>- The bowl presents as 3 horizontal lines</p><p>- The shaft has become a decorative star, rather than a small pillar</p><p>- The base presents as three horizontal lines, again mirroring the bowl</p><p>- The ribbon has become <b>two parallel rows</b> of small dots that run at a roughly 45 degree angle from the bowl of the fire altar to the bottom of the die on either side of the base. In exceptionally uncommon cases, very early specimens show only a single row of dots per ribbon.</p><p>- The sun is invariably on the left side, and is portrayed as a ring of dots around a central dot</p><p>- The moon is invariably on the right side, and is portrayed as a large, thin, upward-opening crescent.</p><p><br /></p><p>Attendants:</p><p>- Early attendants have full bodies and what looks like a herringbone dress minus the herringbones. This is replaced by a ball beneath the arms, and then just an oval shape. This is the last series to display any sort of body for the attendants.</p><p>- The head is a large dot and never has facial features</p><p>- The necklace is almost always present, and presents as a string of small dots. Some examples have a larger dot behind the head that may be some sort of hair decoration.</p><p>- The arm usually presents as two lines that come together to bend at the elbow. The arm has no hand, and reaches toward the ribbon.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Within this series, I will group my coins into the following sub-series:</p><p><br /></p><p>1.2.1 - Early type with full attendant body</p><p>1.2.2 - Early Intermediate type - Atypical face, no eye line</p><p>1.2.3 - Early Intermediate type - Standard face, no eye line</p><p>1.2.4 - Intermediate type with line through the eye, Large flan (>18mm)</p><p>1.2.5 - Late type - tall head, Small flan (<18mm)</p><p>1.2.7 - Late type - "Neanderthal" portrait</p><p>1.2.8 - Terminal type - Curved head, detached chin[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Finn235, post: 3602229, member: 98035"]Following the enigmatic first series comes this series of increasingly Indianized coins. These are traditionally attributed to the Chavadas (also spelled Chavda or Chapa) of Gujarat, who ruled from c. 690-942. That attribution may or may not be correct. These coins are much more homogeneous, and it is within this series that we see the coins begin to shrink and thicken into a more familiar Gadhaiya Paisa fabric. Some consideration points for the series: General: - All coins are struck in good silver, and tend to be more completely struck than their predecessors, but strike issues are nevertheless commonplace. - The flan is almost always smaller than the die. - These are reasonably homogeneous, and seem to follow an apparently linear development until they fork off into two distinct evolutionary tracks. Portrait: - The head is usually tall with large, roundish cheeks. The brow is prominent and jutting, and the forehead is tall, narrow, and usually has a very slight backwards curve. - Well-preserved specimens have prominent eyebrows. On many of these coins, the eyebrow terminates in a large dot above the nose. - The eye is a large dot and hovers in a large, roughly circular eye socket. Halfway through the series, a line is added that runs through the eye. - The nose is represented by a straight line which slopes downward at a roughly 45 degree angle - The nostril and lips are represented by dots beneath the nose, and are not attached to the head - Most specimens depict a long, thin mustache that runs from the top lip onto the head, and follows the curvature of the cheek to the back of the head. - The chin is represented by a dot, and is not attached to the head. - The beard is a single row of small dots that wraps around the head and up to the brim of the "hat". - There actually is no "hat", instead there is a line of small dots that run from the border of the die, straight over the top of the head, and to the other end of the die. - The wings are represented by curly shapes that somewhat represent upside down cornucopiae. - The orb is present on all specimens that show that part of the die, and is now an upward-opening crescent with a large dot in the middle. - The ear is a fairly standardized shape, and has the three-pearl earring present in the last series. Two pearls are directly attached via chains, while the third hovers between and below the other two. - The hair bun usually displays as a star shape between the ear and rear ribbon - The ribbons are larger than in the previous series, and again comprise three horizontal lines to form the "top" and a thin curvy line to form the "bottom" - The necklace presents as a series of dots that dip into the curve of the shoulder pads. Early specimens show a raised crescent to represent the neck that would be visible between the bottom of the jaw and the necklace. This degrades into a thin crescent. - The shoulder pads are usually smaller than on the previous series, and present as a club shape covered with dots. Fire Altar: - The fire altar tends to take up more of the reverse than on previous coins. It still follows the same flame-bowl-shaft-base anatomy. - The flame invariably follows a 4-3-2-1 pattern of dots - The bowl presents as 3 horizontal lines - The shaft has become a decorative star, rather than a small pillar - The base presents as three horizontal lines, again mirroring the bowl - The ribbon has become [B]two parallel rows[/B] of small dots that run at a roughly 45 degree angle from the bowl of the fire altar to the bottom of the die on either side of the base. In exceptionally uncommon cases, very early specimens show only a single row of dots per ribbon. - The sun is invariably on the left side, and is portrayed as a ring of dots around a central dot - The moon is invariably on the right side, and is portrayed as a large, thin, upward-opening crescent. Attendants: - Early attendants have full bodies and what looks like a herringbone dress minus the herringbones. This is replaced by a ball beneath the arms, and then just an oval shape. This is the last series to display any sort of body for the attendants. - The head is a large dot and never has facial features - The necklace is almost always present, and presents as a string of small dots. Some examples have a larger dot behind the head that may be some sort of hair decoration. - The arm usually presents as two lines that come together to bend at the elbow. The arm has no hand, and reaches toward the ribbon. Within this series, I will group my coins into the following sub-series: 1.2.1 - Early type with full attendant body 1.2.2 - Early Intermediate type - Atypical face, no eye line 1.2.3 - Early Intermediate type - Standard face, no eye line 1.2.4 - Intermediate type with line through the eye, Large flan (>18mm) 1.2.5 - Late type - tall head, Small flan (<18mm) 1.2.7 - Late type - "Neanderthal" portrait 1.2.8 - Terminal type - Curved head, detached chin[/QUOTE]
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Indo Sassanian Coinage - Series 1.2 - Proto-gadhaiya, "Chavada" Type
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