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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;kaparthy, post: 3384625, member: 57463&quot;][ATTACH=full]898941[/ATTACH] </p><p>Hungary in the Middle Ages</p><p>Left to Right (Obverse above Reverse)</p><p><br /></p><p>The Hungarians (Magyar in their own language), entered the Carpathian Basin of eastern Europe as nomadic warriors about 894 and finally adopted medieval civilization under King (Saint) Stephen in 1001. Under the influence of his German mother, Stephen turned the nation westward toward Rome and away from Constantinople. Among the consequences was the abolition of slavery. </p><p><br /></p><p>Kálmán (Coloman) the Learned (b 1070 r. 1095-1116). The historians are mixed in the evaluation of Kálmán’s reign. Generally, they are favorable. His emphasis on learning and education easily stemmed from his own physical handicaps. He survived and ascended the crown on the basis of his wits, not his strength. </p><p>1 denar (Huszar 37)</p><p><br /></p><p>Louis I of Anjou (b 1326 r 1342-1384). … he also confirmed the liberties of the Hungarian nobility at the Diet of 1351, emphasizing the equal status of all noblemen. At the same Diet, he …confirmed the right to free movement for all peasants. <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary</a></i></p><p><br /></p><p>The Saracen’s head on the obverse is supposedly a pun on the name of courtier Count Szerecsen. However, the etymology of the family name likely points back to “Moors” from Constantinople.</p><p><br /></p><p>1 denar Obv :MONETA LUDOVICI. Rev: REGIS HVNGARIE</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Maximilian II (1527-1576 r 1562-1576) “Though a Habsburg and a Catholic, he approached the Lutheran Imperial estates with a view to overcome the denominational schism,… He also was faced with the ongoing Ottoman–Habsburg wars and rising conflicts with his Habsburg Spain cousins… Maximilian failed to achieve his three major aims: rationalizing the government structure, unifying Christianity, and evicting the Turks from Hungary… </p><p><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor</a></i></p><p>1 denier 0.52 grams 15.8mm 1568 Kremnitz[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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