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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Curtis, post: 24718283, member: 26430&quot;]Here is another quote to the same effect as Victor&#039;s comment, from the excellent <a href="https://finds.org.uk/counties/blog/category/finds/coins/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://finds.org.uk/counties/blog/category/finds/coins/" rel="nofollow">CoinRelief blog</a> (last active 2021) of the British P.A.S. website (Portable Antiquities Scheme):</p><p><br /></p><p><b><font size="5"><a href="https://finds.org.uk/counties/blog/coin-relief-45-philip-i-and-ii-and-octacilia-severa/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://finds.org.uk/counties/blog/coin-relief-45-philip-i-and-ii-and-octacilia-severa/" rel="nofollow">Coin Relief 45 – Philip I and II, and Octacilia Severa</a> (11 May 2021, Lauren Speed)</font></b></p><p><br /></p><blockquote><p>&quot;Classical authors are generally hostile to Philip, which could be quite simply because he was an Arab. He is accused of undermining and finally assassinating Gordian, but the story does not ring entirely true. In 1938, an inscription was found at Naqsh-e Rustam, near Persepolis, which claimed that Shapur defeated the Romans at the Battle of Misikhe, 50km west of Baghdad. The relief above the inscription appears to show Gordian being trampled under the hooves of Shapur’s horse. Finally, we read that Philip paid the Sasanians 500,000 denarii. This defeat is air-brushed from Roman sources who blame the downfall and death of Gordian on Philip’s treachery; it seems the truth could be otherwise and it is possible that Philip might have been maligned.</p><p><br /></p><p>Whatever the occurred, Philip made a treaty with Shapur and retreated back into Roman territory.&quot;</p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b><font size="5">COIN TAX</font></b>:</p><p>Alexandrian Tetradrachm struck in Gordian&#039;s final year (RY 7 = 243/4 CE).</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Egypt, Alexandria. Billon Tetradrachm</b> (23mm, 12.35g, 12h), dated RY 7 (243/4 CE).</p><p><b>Rev</b>: Helios radiate. L-Z.</p><p>Dattari 4731 = <a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3037" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/type/3037" rel="nofollow">RPC (VII, 2) 3874.8</a> (this coin)</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1580882[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>Helios/Sol seems to have been invoked, at times, as holding some sway over what happened in Eastern campaigns. But apparently the coins in his honor were not enough to save Gordian from the Eastern enemies.</p><p><br /></p><p>As the sun, rising in the East, Aurelian, for instance, apparently viewed Sol as sanctioning his planned campaign in Parthia. (Maybe he thought Valerian&#039;s error was invoking Victory.) Aurelian should have learned from Gordian III. He was murdered <i>en route</i> Eastward -- unlike Gordian, Aurelian never even got close!</p><p><br /></p><p>Seems Sol/Helios was never on the side of the Romans at all.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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