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<p>[QUOTE="Parthicus Maximus, post: 3788019, member: 102867"]<font size="5"><b>Glanum</b></font></p><p>Last summer I was in the South of France. We had a good time and visited some interesting Ancient sites. Although I thought about posting something about this before but I haven't had the time so far, but now I have. </p><p><br /></p><p>The most interesting place that we visited were the ruins of ancient Glanum. That's why I want to post about that now.</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="5"><b>The location</b></font></p><p><font size="4">Glanum is located in the extreme south of France in the limestone hills of the Alpilles. it is around 25 km from the city of Arles. The area is very wooded and rocky. It can also become very hot in the summer. During my visit it was already around 35 ° C at the end of the morning.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><b><font size="5">The history of Glanum</font></b></p><p><font size="4">The first settlement dates from between the fourth and second centuries BC.</font></p><p><font size="4">Then Celto-Ligurian tribes built an oppidum in the valley. There would have been a water source with healing effect there. Soon a small town was created that was dedicated to the Celtic god Glanis. Glanum soon began to grow into a small town for antique concepts. This had to do with the fact that Glanum was very favorable, on the one hand it was protected by the Alpilles but on the other it was not far from the Mediterranean Sea. Glanum continued to grow as settlers from Massilia came to the town. The city would experience three centuries of relative prosperity from the 2nd century BC to the 1th AC.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="5"><b>[ATTACH=full]1011556[/ATTACH]</b></font></p><p> <font size="3">the view over a part of the ancient city of Glanum</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">Glanum was a Gallo-Greek city with a very interesting mix of cultures. Great things were built. but most of it is lost to us, it was destroyed at the end of the second century BC. And again in 90 BC. Most of the ruins and buildings therefore also date from the Gallo-Roman era.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">During the Roman period, the city continued to flourish, because it was on a favorable point on the Via Domitia not far from the Via Aurelia.</font></p><p><font size="4">In 49 BC, Julius Caesar conquered The Provence and with it Glanum. Around 45 BC, many of Caesar's veterans gained territory in this area and also in Glanum. It was the start of a lasting change. The city became more and more Roman. The city did not become a Roman colony such as Nemausus and Arles, it was called oppidum latinum. This meant that the city was also a colony, but with fewer rights than a real colony.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">In 22 BC, Emperor Augustus created the Roman province of Gallia Narbonenis. This brought some advantages to the city, for example, all magistrates became Roman citizens. As a result, the city gradually became entirely Roman. A Forum was built, public baths were built and all kinds of Roman temples were built. The city knew enough prosperous, this can be seen from a number of monuments that can be seen to this day. The city had been pretty important during the first and second centuries AC but around 200 the change came. Then the Via Domitia was relocated and trade became less. Yet the city must have been quite prosperous until the destruction in 260.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">Around 260 the Alamen marched through Southern Europe, reaching Tarragona and another group almost reaching Rome, but an army of gladiators and Praetorians beat them. see below the coin of emperor Gallienus on which he thanks the brave praetorians.</font></p><p><font size="4"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/GALLIENUS-RIC_V_370-116314_COH_PRAETORIAE.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">The city of Glanum was also destroyed during these looting. it marked the end of a Roman-Gallic colony. The handful of remaining people left for nearby Saint-Remy-De Provence. Glanum was therefore abandoned and forgotten, it would not be found until the 20th century.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><b><font size="5">The monuments</font></b></p><p><b><font size="5"><br /></font></b></p><p><font size="4"><b>The mausoleum of the Julii</b></font></p><p><font size="4">By far the most famous monument of Glanum is the mausoleum of the Julii.</font></p><p><font size="4">It was build around 40 BC. It is one of the best preserved Roman mausoleums. </font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011566[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011568[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">the inscription louds:</font></p><p><font size="4">SEX · M · L · IVLIEI · C · F · PARENTIBVS · SVEIS</font></p><p><font size="4">Sextius, Marcus and Lucius Julius, sons of Gaius, to their forebears.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">There are four walls that all depict an event.</font></p><p><font size="4"> <ul> <li>North face – a battle of horsemen, and a winged victory carries a trophy.</li> <li>East face – an infantryman unhorses an Amazon warrior, a warrior takes trophies from a dead enemy, and the figure of Fame recites the story of the battle to a man and woman. The scene may be inspired by the Amazonomachy, the mythical war between the Greeks and the Amazons.</li> <li>West face – a scene from the Iliad and Trojan war, the Greeks and Trojans fighting for the body of Patroculus.</li> <li>South face – Cavaliers hunt for wild boar in a forest. One cavalier is wounded and dying in the arms of a companion. This may represent the legend of the hunt for the Calydonian boar, conducted by Meleager, with Castor and Pollux shown on horseback.</li> </ul><p></font></p><p><font size="4"><b>The Triumphal Arch</b></font></p><p><font size="4">The triumphal arch was built during the reign of Augustus. It is much less intact than the Mausoleum but there is still enough visible.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011569[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">The three involved reliefs show:</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4"> <ul> <li>The panel to the right of the entrance shows a female figure seated on a pile of weapons, and a Gaullish prisoner with his hands tied behind him.</li> <li>The panel to the left shows another prisoner in a Gaullish cloak, with a smaller man, wearing his cloak in the Roman style, placing his hand on the shoulder of the prisoner.</li> <li>On the reverse side of the arch are sculptures of two more pairs of Gaullish prisoners.</li> </ul><p><b>Other monuments</b></font></p><p><font size="4"><b>[ATTACH=full]1011573[/ATTACH]</b></font></p><p><font size="4">The Corinthian temple</font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011575[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font size="4">The house of Antae, an Hellenistic villa</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011578[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font size="4">The Roman Baths</font></p><p><font size="4">[ATTACH=full]1011579[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font size="4">The Temple of Glanus</font></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1011580[/ATTACH]</p><p>An overview over a part of the city</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4">I hope you enjoyed this post! if you have coins from Gaul or the specified periods do not hesitate to show them.</font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4"><br /></font></p><p><font size="4">sources:</font></p><p><font size="3">1. Glanum from Salluvian Oppidum to roman city</font></p><p><font size="3">2. Wikipedia.org</font></p><p><font size="3">3. And other relevant mostly dutch sources.</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Parthicus Maximus, post: 3788019, member: 102867"][SIZE=5][B]Glanum[/B][/SIZE] Last summer I was in the South of France. We had a good time and visited some interesting Ancient sites. Although I thought about posting something about this before but I haven't had the time so far, but now I have. The most interesting place that we visited were the ruins of ancient Glanum. That's why I want to post about that now. [SIZE=5][B]The location[/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=4]Glanum is located in the extreme south of France in the limestone hills of the Alpilles. it is around 25 km from the city of Arles. The area is very wooded and rocky. It can also become very hot in the summer. During my visit it was already around 35 ° C at the end of the morning. [/SIZE] [B][SIZE=5]The history of Glanum[/SIZE][/B] [SIZE=4]The first settlement dates from between the fourth and second centuries BC.[/SIZE] [SIZE=4]Then Celto-Ligurian tribes built an oppidum in the valley. There would have been a water source with healing effect there. Soon a small town was created that was dedicated to the Celtic god Glanis. Glanum soon began to grow into a small town for antique concepts. This had to do with the fact that Glanum was very favorable, on the one hand it was protected by the Alpilles but on the other it was not far from the Mediterranean Sea. Glanum continued to grow as settlers from Massilia came to the town. The city would experience three centuries of relative prosperity from the 2nd century BC to the 1th AC. [/SIZE] [SIZE=5][B][ATTACH=full]1011556[/ATTACH][/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=3]the view over a part of the ancient city of Glanum[/SIZE] [SIZE=4]Glanum was a Gallo-Greek city with a very interesting mix of cultures. Great things were built. but most of it is lost to us, it was destroyed at the end of the second century BC. And again in 90 BC. Most of the ruins and buildings therefore also date from the Gallo-Roman era.[/SIZE] [SIZE=4] During the Roman period, the city continued to flourish, because it was on a favorable point on the Via Domitia not far from the Via Aurelia. In 49 BC, Julius Caesar conquered The Provence and with it Glanum. Around 45 BC, many of Caesar's veterans gained territory in this area and also in Glanum. It was the start of a lasting change. The city became more and more Roman. The city did not become a Roman colony such as Nemausus and Arles, it was called oppidum latinum. This meant that the city was also a colony, but with fewer rights than a real colony. In 22 BC, Emperor Augustus created the Roman province of Gallia Narbonenis. This brought some advantages to the city, for example, all magistrates became Roman citizens. As a result, the city gradually became entirely Roman. A Forum was built, public baths were built and all kinds of Roman temples were built. The city knew enough prosperous, this can be seen from a number of monuments that can be seen to this day. The city had been pretty important during the first and second centuries AC but around 200 the change came. Then the Via Domitia was relocated and trade became less. Yet the city must have been quite prosperous until the destruction in 260. Around 260 the Alamen marched through Southern Europe, reaching Tarragona and another group almost reaching Rome, but an army of gladiators and Praetorians beat them. see below the coin of emperor Gallienus on which he thanks the brave praetorians. [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/GALLIENUS-RIC_V_370-116314_COH_PRAETORIAE.jpg[/IMG] The city of Glanum was also destroyed during these looting. it marked the end of a Roman-Gallic colony. The handful of remaining people left for nearby Saint-Remy-De Provence. Glanum was therefore abandoned and forgotten, it would not be found until the 20th century. [/SIZE] [B][SIZE=5]The monuments [/SIZE][/B] [SIZE=4][B]The mausoleum of the Julii[/B] By far the most famous monument of Glanum is the mausoleum of the Julii. It was build around 40 BC. It is one of the best preserved Roman mausoleums. [ATTACH=full]1011566[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1011568[/ATTACH] the inscription louds: SEX · M · L · IVLIEI · C · F · PARENTIBVS · SVEIS Sextius, Marcus and Lucius Julius, sons of Gaius, to their forebears. There are four walls that all depict an event. [LIST] [*]North face – a battle of horsemen, and a winged victory carries a trophy. [*]East face – an infantryman unhorses an Amazon warrior, a warrior takes trophies from a dead enemy, and the figure of Fame recites the story of the battle to a man and woman. The scene may be inspired by the Amazonomachy, the mythical war between the Greeks and the Amazons. [*]West face – a scene from the Iliad and Trojan war, the Greeks and Trojans fighting for the body of Patroculus. [*]South face – Cavaliers hunt for wild boar in a forest. One cavalier is wounded and dying in the arms of a companion. This may represent the legend of the hunt for the Calydonian boar, conducted by Meleager, with Castor and Pollux shown on horseback. [/LIST] [B]The Triumphal Arch[/B] The triumphal arch was built during the reign of Augustus. It is much less intact than the Mausoleum but there is still enough visible.[/SIZE] [SIZE=4][B][/B] [ATTACH=full]1011569[/ATTACH][/SIZE] [SIZE=4]The three involved reliefs show: [LIST] [*]The panel to the right of the entrance shows a female figure seated on a pile of weapons, and a Gaullish prisoner with his hands tied behind him. [*]The panel to the left shows another prisoner in a Gaullish cloak, with a smaller man, wearing his cloak in the Roman style, placing his hand on the shoulder of the prisoner. [*]On the reverse side of the arch are sculptures of two more pairs of Gaullish prisoners. [/LIST] [B]Other monuments[/B] [B][ATTACH=full]1011573[/ATTACH][/B] The Corinthian temple [ATTACH=full]1011575[/ATTACH] The house of Antae, an Hellenistic villa [/SIZE] [SIZE=4][ATTACH=full]1011578[/ATTACH] The Roman Baths [ATTACH=full]1011579[/ATTACH] The Temple of Glanus[/SIZE] [ATTACH=full]1011580[/ATTACH] An overview over a part of the city [SIZE=4]I hope you enjoyed this post! if you have coins from Gaul or the specified periods do not hesitate to show them.[/SIZE] [SIZE=4] sources:[/SIZE] [SIZE=3]1. Glanum from Salluvian Oppidum to roman city 2. Wikipedia.org 3. And other relevant mostly dutch sources.[/SIZE][/QUOTE]
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