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<p>[QUOTE="Orfew, post: 3121002, member: 74968"]I have been looking for a coin of this king for sometime. One popped up at auction today so I bought it.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is a snippet from Wikipedia.</p><p><br /></p><p>"</p><p><b>Frederick II</b> (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language" rel="nofollow">Sicilian</a>: <i>Fidiricu</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" rel="nofollow">Italian</a>: <i>Federico</i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language" rel="nofollow">German</a>: <i>Friedrich</i>) was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">King of Sicily</a> from 1198, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany" rel="nofollow">King of Germany</a> from 1212, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy" rel="nofollow">King of Italy</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Holy Roman Emperor</a> from 1220 and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" rel="nofollow">King of Jerusalem</a> from 1225. His mother <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Constance</a> was Queen of Sicily and his father was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Henry VI</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" rel="nofollow">Hohenstaufen dynasty</a>. Frederick's reign saw the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" rel="nofollow">Holy Roman Empire</a> reaching its all time territorial peak.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_(Kingdom_of_Sicily,_Holy_Roman_Empire,_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem).png" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_(Kingdom_of_Sicily,_Holy_Roman_Empire,_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem).png" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_%28Kingdom_of_Sicily%2C_Holy_Roman_Empire%2C_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem%29.png/220px-Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_%28Kingdom_of_Sicily%2C_Holy_Roman_Empire%2C_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem%29.png" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></a></p><p>Dominions of Frederick II</p><p>His political and cultural ambitions were enormous as he ruled a vast area beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany. As the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades" rel="nofollow">Crusades</a> succeeded, he acquired control of Jerusalem and styled himself as its king. However, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papacy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papacy" rel="nofollow">Papacy</a> became his enemy as time went by and it eventually prevailed. His dynasty collapsed soon after his death. Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Donald Detwiler, who wrote:</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Viewing himself as a direct successor to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor" rel="nofollow">Roman emperors</a> of antiquity,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-3" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-3" rel="nofollow">[3]</a> he was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Emperor of the Romans</a> from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" rel="nofollow">King of the Romans</a> from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany" rel="nofollow">King of Germany</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy" rel="nofollow">of Italy</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Burgundy" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Burgundy" rel="nofollow">of Burgundy</a>. At the age of three, he was crowned <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">King of Sicily</a> as a co-ruler with his mother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Constance of Hauteville</a>, the daughter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Roger II of Sicily</a>. His other royal title was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" rel="nofollow">King of Jerusalem</a> by virtue of marriage and his connection with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" rel="nofollow">Sixth Crusade</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>He was frequently at war with the papacy, hemmed in between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Kingdom of Sicily</a> (the <i>Regno</i>) to the south, and thus he was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication" rel="nofollow">excommunicated</a> four times and often vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and since. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" rel="nofollow">Pope Gregory IX</a> went so far as to call him an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichrist" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichrist" rel="nofollow">Antichrist</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Speaking six languages (Latin, Sicilian, Old Germanic, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl" rel="nofollow">Langues d'oïl</a>, Greek and Arabic<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-4" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-4" rel="nofollow">[4]</a>), Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_School" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_School" rel="nofollow">Sicilian School</a> of poetry. His <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilians" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilians" rel="nofollow">Sicilian</a> royal court in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" rel="nofollow">Palermo</a>, from around 1220 to his death, saw the first use of a literary form of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Romance" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Romance" rel="nofollow">Italo-Romance</a> language, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language" rel="nofollow">Sicilian</a>. The poetry that emanated from the school had a significant influence on literature and on what was to become the modern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language" rel="nofollow">Italian language</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-5" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-5" rel="nofollow">[5]</a></p><p><br /></p><p>He was also the first king who explicitly outlawed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal" rel="nofollow">trials by ordeal</a> as they were considered irrational.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-6" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-6" rel="nofollow">[6]</a></p><p><br /></p><p>After his death, his line quickly died out and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" rel="nofollow">House of Hohenstaufen</a> came to an end."</p><p><br /></p><p>Please post any medieval coins you may have. </p><p><br /></p><p>GERMANY. Nuremberg. Friedrich II (Holy Roman Emperor, 1220-1250). Pfennig. </p><p>Obv: Crowned head facing; annulet to left right; all within border of lis.</p><p>Rev: Figure standing facing, holding lis and banner.</p><p>Erlanger 21. </p><p>Condition: Very fine.</p><p>Weight: 0.9 g.</p><p>Diameter: 19 mm.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]794129[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Orfew, post: 3121002, member: 74968"]I have been looking for a coin of this king for sometime. One popped up at auction today so I bought it. Here is a snippet from Wikipedia. " [B]Frederick II[/B] (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language']Sicilian[/URL]: [I]Fidiricu[/I], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language']Italian[/URL]: [I]Federico[/I], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language']German[/URL]: [I]Friedrich[/I]) was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Sicily']King of Sicily[/URL] from 1198, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany']King of Germany[/URL] from 1212, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy']King of Italy[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor']Holy Roman Emperor[/URL] from 1220 and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem']King of Jerusalem[/URL] from 1225. His mother [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance,_Queen_of_Sicily']Constance[/URL] was Queen of Sicily and his father was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor']Henry VI[/URL] of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen']Hohenstaufen dynasty[/URL]. Frederick's reign saw the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire']Holy Roman Empire[/URL] reaching its all time territorial peak. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_(Kingdom_of_Sicily,_Holy_Roman_Empire,_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem).png'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_%28Kingdom_of_Sicily%2C_Holy_Roman_Empire%2C_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem%29.png/220px-Dominions_of_Friedrick_II_%28Kingdom_of_Sicily%2C_Holy_Roman_Empire%2C_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem%29.png[/IMG][/URL] Dominions of Frederick II His political and cultural ambitions were enormous as he ruled a vast area beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany. As the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades']Crusades[/URL] succeeded, he acquired control of Jerusalem and styled himself as its king. However, the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papacy']Papacy[/URL] became his enemy as time went by and it eventually prevailed. His dynasty collapsed soon after his death. Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Donald Detwiler, who wrote: Viewing himself as a direct successor to the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor']Roman emperors[/URL] of antiquity,[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-3'][3][/URL] he was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor']Emperor of the Romans[/URL] from his papal coronation in 1220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the title of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Romans']King of the Romans[/URL] from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. As such, he was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Germany']King of Germany[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy']of Italy[/URL], and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Burgundy']of Burgundy[/URL]. At the age of three, he was crowned [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily']King of Sicily[/URL] as a co-ruler with his mother, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily']Constance of Hauteville[/URL], the daughter of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily']Roger II of Sicily[/URL]. His other royal title was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem']King of Jerusalem[/URL] by virtue of marriage and his connection with the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Crusade']Sixth Crusade[/URL]. He was frequently at war with the papacy, hemmed in between Frederick's lands in northern Italy and his [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily']Kingdom of Sicily[/URL] (the [I]Regno[/I]) to the south, and thus he was [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication']excommunicated[/URL] four times and often vilified in pro-papal chronicles of the time and since. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX']Pope Gregory IX[/URL] went so far as to call him an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichrist']Antichrist[/URL]. Speaking six languages (Latin, Sicilian, Old Germanic, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_d%27o%C3%AFl']Langues d'oïl[/URL], Greek and Arabic[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-4'][4][/URL]), Frederick was an avid patron of science and the arts. He played a major role in promoting literature through the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_School']Sicilian School[/URL] of poetry. His [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilians']Sicilian[/URL] royal court in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo']Palermo[/URL], from around 1220 to his death, saw the first use of a literary form of an [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Romance']Italo-Romance[/URL] language, [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language']Sicilian[/URL]. The poetry that emanated from the school had a significant influence on literature and on what was to become the modern [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language']Italian language[/URL].[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-5'][5][/URL] He was also the first king who explicitly outlawed [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_by_ordeal']trials by ordeal[/URL] as they were considered irrational.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor#cite_note-6'][6][/URL] After his death, his line quickly died out and the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen']House of Hohenstaufen[/URL] came to an end." Please post any medieval coins you may have. GERMANY. Nuremberg. Friedrich II (Holy Roman Emperor, 1220-1250). Pfennig. Obv: Crowned head facing; annulet to left right; all within border of lis. Rev: Figure standing facing, holding lis and banner. Erlanger 21. Condition: Very fine. Weight: 0.9 g. Diameter: 19 mm. [ATTACH=full]794129[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]
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