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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;GinoLR, post: 15211399, member: 128351&quot;](just a note about Gallienus <img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie1" alt=":)" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" /></p><p>Gallienus was not Augustus from 260, he was Augustus already since 253. When Valerian became emperor in 253, he immediately associated his adult son Gallienus to his power with the title of Augustus. Cornelia Salonina, Gallienus&#039; wife, became Augusta, and their elder son, Valerian Junior (or Valerian II) was made Caesar in 256. </p><p>Valerian Augustus and Gallienus Augustus being co-emperors, Valerian immediately moved East to command the Oriental army against the Persians, while Gallienus commanded the Western army against the Germanic threats. When Valerian was taken prisoner by the Persians in 260, a disaster that had never happened since the capture of the consul Regulus by the Carthaginians in the 1st Punic War, it seems that Gallienus did not move a finger to negotiate his liberation and pay a ransom. Valerian died in captivity, Lactantius pretends he was skinned, his hide dyed red (the colour of the evil god Ahriman, today&#039;s Shaytan, in Iran: Iranians call their Western foes the &quot;Great Satan&quot;) and exposed in some Persian temple. </p><p>Gallienus had been for 7 years co-Augustus with his father and did not always agree with him on all topics, but he could not implement his own agenda because his father, being senior emperor, had superior authority. As soon as he found himself sole emperor, he made important reforms (no doubt he had them in mind for a while): he stopped the persecution of Christians and deprived senators of military commands and provincial governments.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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