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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 5500188, member: 75937"]The Latin language has several words for what in English might be rendered by <i>happiness</i>. Three of these appear regularly on Roman coins: <i>Hilaritas</i>, <i>Laetitia</i>, and <i>Felicitas</i>. <i>Hilaritas</i> connotes a feeling of <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas" rel="nofollow"><i>cheerfulness, gayety, joyousness, merriment, </i>or</a><i><a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas" rel="nofollow"> hilarity</a> </i>...</p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/capture-jpg.833832/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>On Roman coinage, <i>Hilaritas</i> typically holds a cornucopiae and palm branch or scepter and may be accompanied by children. Coins depicting this personification were issued for Faustina by her father in large and middle bronze and by her husband, with slightly different reverse designs, in the aureus, denarius, sestertius and middle bronze denominations.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-hilaritas-as-jpg.1069061/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman Æ as, 9.72 g, 25.7 mm, 5 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, AD 147-150.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, draped bust wearing band of pearls around the head, right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: HILARITAS S C, Hilaritas standing right, adjusting veil and holding long palm.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 1396b; BMCRE 2151-52; Cohen 115; RCV 4725.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-hilaritas-denarius-jpg.1068647/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman AR denarius, 3.40 g, 17.4 mm, 5 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, AD 161-165.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, bust of Faustina II, draped, right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: HILARITAS, Hilaritas standing left, holding long palm-branch in right hand and cornucopia in left hand.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 686; BMCRE 100; RSC 111; RCV 5254; CRE 182.</font></p><p><font size="3">Notes: Also known with a bust wearing a circlet of pearls in the hair (RSC 111a, BMCRE 101-102) and with a left-facing bust (RSC 111b, BMCRE 103).</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><i>Laetitia</i> connotes a feeling of <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dl%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dlaetitia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dl%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dlaetitia" rel="nofollow"><i>joy, exultation, rejoicing</i>, <i>gladness, pleasure, </i>or<i> delight</i></a>.</p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/capture-2-jpg.833833/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><p><br /></p><p>On Roman coinage, <i>Laetitia</i> typically holds some combination of a scepter, wreath, ears of grain, or an anchor or rudder. As was the case with coins depicting <i>Hilaritas</i>, coins depicting this personification were issued in all metals for Faustina by her father and by her husband with different reverse legends but similar iconography. I have <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-laetitia-left-and-right.371036/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-laetitia-left-and-right.371036/">recently written</a> about these issues in more depth.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-laetitiae-pvblicae-denarius-jpg.1212567/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Roman AR denarius, 3.03 g, 17.4 mm, 5 h.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rome, AD 147-149.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Obv: FAVSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust, right.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rev: LAETITIAE PVBLICAE, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath in in right hand and vertical scepter in left hand.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Refs: RIC 506a; BMCRE 1048; Cohen/RSC 155; Strack 491; RCV 4705; CRE 195.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-laetitia-s-c-standing-sestertius-jpg.1122701/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Roman orichalcum sestertius, 24.87 g, 32.5 mm, 11 h.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rome, AD 161-165.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust of Faustina II, right, with a double strand of pearls in the hair.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rev: LAETITIA S C, Laetitia standing facing, head left, holding wreath in right hand and vertical scepter in left hand.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Refs: RIC 1654; BMCRE 924-27; Cohen 149; RCV 5279; MIR 21-6/10b</font>.</p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><i>Felicitas</i> connotes <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dfelicitas1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dfelicitas1" rel="nofollow">contentment, with overtones of good fortune or luckiness</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1239804[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>On Roman coins, <i>Felicitas</i> is depicted as a Roman matron, dressed in a <i>stola</i> and <i>palla</i>, either standing or seated, holding a caduceus and cornucopia or scepter. Sometimes she leans on a column. This personification appears on only one coin of Faustina, a middle bronze issued by her Father <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-coins-of-british-association.366911/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-coins-of-british-association.366911/">exclusively for use in Roman Britain</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p><img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-felicitas-dupondius-jpg.901507/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina Jr, Augusta AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Roman Æ as or dupondius, 11.41 g, 23.8 mm.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rome, AD 152-156.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust, right.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Rev: FELICITAS SC, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus, left hand on hip.</font></p><p><font size="3"> Refs: RIC (Pius) 1395; BMCRE 2187; Cohen 108; RCV --.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><i>Let's see your happy coins or anything you feel is relevant! </i>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 5500188, member: 75937"]The Latin language has several words for what in English might be rendered by [I]happiness[/I]. Three of these appear regularly on Roman coins: [I]Hilaritas[/I], [I]Laetitia[/I], and [I]Felicitas[/I]. [I]Hilaritas[/I] connotes a feeling of [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas'][I]cheerfulness, gayety, joyousness, merriment, [/I]or[/URL][I][URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dh%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dhilaritas'] hilarity[/URL] [/I]... [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/capture-jpg.833832/[/IMG] On Roman coinage, [I]Hilaritas[/I] typically holds a cornucopiae and palm branch or scepter and may be accompanied by children. Coins depicting this personification were issued for Faustina by her father in large and middle bronze and by her husband, with slightly different reverse designs, in the aureus, denarius, sestertius and middle bronze denominations. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-hilaritas-as-jpg.1069061/[/IMG] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman Æ as, 9.72 g, 25.7 mm, 5 h. Rome, AD 147-150. Obv: FAVSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, draped bust wearing band of pearls around the head, right. Rev: HILARITAS S C, Hilaritas standing right, adjusting veil and holding long palm. Refs: RIC 1396b; BMCRE 2151-52; Cohen 115; RCV 4725.[/SIZE][/INDENT] [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-hilaritas-denarius-jpg.1068647/[/IMG] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 3.40 g, 17.4 mm, 5 h. Rome, AD 161-165. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, bust of Faustina II, draped, right. Rev: HILARITAS, Hilaritas standing left, holding long palm-branch in right hand and cornucopia in left hand. Refs: RIC 686; BMCRE 100; RSC 111; RCV 5254; CRE 182. Notes: Also known with a bust wearing a circlet of pearls in the hair (RSC 111a, BMCRE 101-102) and with a left-facing bust (RSC 111b, BMCRE 103).[/SIZE][/INDENT] [I]Laetitia[/I] connotes a feeling of [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0060%3Aalphabetic+letter%3Dl%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dlaetitia'][I]joy, exultation, rejoicing[/I], [I]gladness, pleasure, [/I]or[I] delight[/I][/URL]. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/capture-2-jpg.833833/[/IMG] On Roman coinage, [I]Laetitia[/I] typically holds some combination of a scepter, wreath, ears of grain, or an anchor or rudder. As was the case with coins depicting [I]Hilaritas[/I], coins depicting this personification were issued in all metals for Faustina by her father and by her husband with different reverse legends but similar iconography. I have [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-laetitia-left-and-right.371036/']recently written[/URL] about these issues in more depth. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-laetitiae-pvblicae-denarius-jpg.1212567/[/IMG] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 3.03 g, 17.4 mm, 5 h. Rome, AD 147-149. Obv: FAVSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust, right. Rev: LAETITIAE PVBLICAE, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath in in right hand and vertical scepter in left hand. Refs: RIC 506a; BMCRE 1048; Cohen/RSC 155; Strack 491; RCV 4705; CRE 195.[/SIZE][/INDENT] [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-laetitia-s-c-standing-sestertius-jpg.1122701/[/IMG] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman orichalcum sestertius, 24.87 g, 32.5 mm, 11 h. Rome, AD 161-165. Obv: FAVSTINA AVGVSTA, draped bust of Faustina II, right, with a double strand of pearls in the hair. Rev: LAETITIA S C, Laetitia standing facing, head left, holding wreath in right hand and vertical scepter in left hand. Refs: RIC 1654; BMCRE 924-27; Cohen 149; RCV 5279; MIR 21-6/10b[/SIZE].[/INDENT] [I]Felicitas[/I] connotes [URL='http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dfelicitas1']contentment, with overtones of good fortune or luckiness[/URL]. [ATTACH=full]1239804[/ATTACH] On Roman coins, [I]Felicitas[/I] is depicted as a Roman matron, dressed in a [I]stola[/I] and [I]palla[/I], either standing or seated, holding a caduceus and cornucopia or scepter. Sometimes she leans on a column. This personification appears on only one coin of Faustina, a middle bronze issued by her Father [URL='https://www.cointalk.com/threads/faustina-friday-coins-of-british-association.366911/']exclusively for use in Roman Britain[/URL]. [IMG]https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/faustina-jr-felicitas-dupondius-jpg.901507/[/IMG] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina Jr, Augusta AD 147-175. Roman Æ as or dupondius, 11.41 g, 23.8 mm. Rome, AD 152-156. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust, right. Rev: FELICITAS SC, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus, left hand on hip. Refs: RIC (Pius) 1395; BMCRE 2187; Cohen 108; RCV --.[/SIZE][/INDENT] [I]Let's see your happy coins or anything you feel is relevant! [/I][/QUOTE]
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