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<p>[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 7891669, member: 75937"]<b>Faustina Friday – A Relative Chronology for the Concordia Standing and the Concordia Seated Issues (continued) ...</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Issue 5 features Concordia seated and begins in late AD 151 or early AD 152 with the Beckmann type 2 hairstyle and the longer FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII FIL obverse inscription.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361775[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman AR denarius, 3.4 g, 19.5 mm, 6 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, late 151-early 152.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 502a(6); BMCRE 1080-81; Cohen 53; RCV –; Strack 502; CRE 169.</font></p><p><font size="3">Notes: Scarce; only 3 examples in the Reka Devnia hoard.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>In mid AD 152, the inscription reverts to the short FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL legend, which continues through the end of the issue in December AD 154 or January 155. Initially, she appears wearing the Beckmann type 2 hairstyle.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361776[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman AR denarius, 3.2 g, 17.8 mm, 5 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, mid 152- autumn 154.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 502a(3); BMCRE 1086-87; Cohen 54; RCV 4704; Strack 506; CRE 167.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>This reverse type also appears in bronze, such as this middle bronze in my collection.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361777[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman Æ as or dupondius, 12.09 g, 26.4 mm, 7 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, mid 152- autumn 154.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: CONCORDIA S C, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 1393; BMC p. 380†; Cohen 58; RCV 4724; Strack 1315.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Demonstrating that the appearance of a particular hairstyle is non-linear and may be in use at the same time as other hairstyles, two unique denarii bear portraits of the empress with the type 3 hairstyle and the Concordia seated reverse type.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361778[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Unique denarius featuring a left-facing bust with Beckmann’s type 3 hairstyle, the shorter obverse legend, and the CONCORDIA seated reverse type. Numismatica Ars Classica Auction 98, <a href="https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1765&lot=1209" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1765&lot=1209" rel="nofollow">lot 1209</a>, 12 December 2016.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361779[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Unique denarius featuring a right-facing bust with Beckmann’s type 3 hairstyle, the shorter obverse legend, and the CONCORDIA seated reverse type. CNG coin shop item <a href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=74379" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=74379" rel="nofollow">762279</a>.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>According to Curtis Clay, about Autumn AD 154, the empress is depicted with a new hairstyle, Beckmann's type 5, which she wears for half a dozen years on her silver and bronze issues (the aurei feature some hairstyles not found on the other denominations). Again, though, I want to caution the reader that these are approximations and there were almost certainly periods when the various legends or various hairstyles overlapped and were in simultaneous production.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361780[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman AR denarius, 3.33 g, 17.1 mm, 1 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, autumn 154-early 155.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 502a(3); BMCRE 1088; Cohen 54; RCV 4704; Strack 506; CRE 168.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1361781[/ATTACH]</p><blockquote><p><font size="3">Faustina II, AD 147-175.</font></p><p><font size="3">Roman AR denarius, 2.95 g, 17.1 mm, 1 h.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rome, autumn 154-early 155.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust left.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair.</font></p><p><font size="3">Refs: RIC 502b; BMCRE 1086 n.; Cohen 55; RCV –; Strack 506; CRE 171.</font></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>In conclusion, though the Concordia reverse type seems to have been initially struck to commemorate the birth of Lucilla, the use of this reverse type with each of the later obverse legends suggests it was in production over a period lasting perhaps five or six years. Its theme, therefore, likely refers to the ongoing concord and marital harmony between Faustina and Marcus during the early 150s. The personification of Concordia is not limited to this reverse type, but is a recurring theme on the coinage of the empress throughout her life.</p><p><br /></p><p>~~~</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Notes</b></p><p><br /></p><p>1. Beckmann, Martin, <i>Faustina the Younger: Coinage, Portraits, and Public Image</i>, A.N.S. Numismatic Studies 43, American Numismatic Society, New York, 2021, p. 37.</p><p><br /></p><p>2. Beckmann, <i>op. cit</i>., p. 42.</p><p><br /></p><p>3. Strack, Paul L., <i>Untersuchungen zur Römischen Reichsprägung des Zweiten Jahrhunderts, vol. 3, Die Reichsprägung zur Zeit des Antoninus Pius</i>. Stuttgart 1937.</p><p><br /></p><p>4. Mattingly, Harold, <i>Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, vol. 4, Antoninus Pius to Commodus</i>. London, 1940, reprinted with alterations 1968, pp. xliv, lxxvi-lxvii; 158 ff.</p><p><br /></p><p>5. Curtis L. Clay, <i>personal communication</i>, 13 September, 2021.</p><p><br /></p><p>6. Contra Beckmann (<i>op. cit</i>., p. 46), who writes, "There is a single <i>denarius</i> with that portrait and a reverse of Concordia seated …" I illustrate here a second denarius with that portrait but left-facing, and a third with a reverse of Concordia standing.</p><p><br /></p><p>7. Beckmann, <i>op. cit</i>., pp. 44, 80-81.</p><p><br /></p><p>8. Beckmann, <i>op. cit</i>., pp. 41, 44.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Roman Collector, post: 7891669, member: 75937"][B]Faustina Friday – A Relative Chronology for the Concordia Standing and the Concordia Seated Issues (continued) ...[/B] Issue 5 features Concordia seated and begins in late AD 151 or early AD 152 with the Beckmann type 2 hairstyle and the longer FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII FIL obverse inscription. [ATTACH=full]1361775[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 3.4 g, 19.5 mm, 6 h. Rome, late 151-early 152. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG ANTONINI AVG PII FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair. Refs: RIC 502a(6); BMCRE 1080-81; Cohen 53; RCV –; Strack 502; CRE 169. Notes: Scarce; only 3 examples in the Reka Devnia hoard.[/SIZE][/INDENT] In mid AD 152, the inscription reverts to the short FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL legend, which continues through the end of the issue in December AD 154 or January 155. Initially, she appears wearing the Beckmann type 2 hairstyle. [ATTACH=full]1361776[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 3.2 g, 17.8 mm, 5 h. Rome, mid 152- autumn 154. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair. Refs: RIC 502a(3); BMCRE 1086-87; Cohen 54; RCV 4704; Strack 506; CRE 167.[/SIZE][/INDENT] This reverse type also appears in bronze, such as this middle bronze in my collection. [ATTACH=full]1361777[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman Æ as or dupondius, 12.09 g, 26.4 mm, 7 h. Rome, mid 152- autumn 154. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA S C, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair. Refs: RIC 1393; BMC p. 380†; Cohen 58; RCV 4724; Strack 1315.[/SIZE][/INDENT] Demonstrating that the appearance of a particular hairstyle is non-linear and may be in use at the same time as other hairstyles, two unique denarii bear portraits of the empress with the type 3 hairstyle and the Concordia seated reverse type. [ATTACH=full]1361778[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Unique denarius featuring a left-facing bust with Beckmann’s type 3 hairstyle, the shorter obverse legend, and the CONCORDIA seated reverse type. Numismatica Ars Classica Auction 98, [URL='https://www.numisbids.com/n.php?p=lot&sid=1765&lot=1209']lot 1209[/URL], 12 December 2016.[/SIZE][/INDENT] [ATTACH=full]1361779[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Unique denarius featuring a right-facing bust with Beckmann’s type 3 hairstyle, the shorter obverse legend, and the CONCORDIA seated reverse type. CNG coin shop item [URL='https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=74379']762279[/URL].[/SIZE][/INDENT] According to Curtis Clay, about Autumn AD 154, the empress is depicted with a new hairstyle, Beckmann's type 5, which she wears for half a dozen years on her silver and bronze issues (the aurei feature some hairstyles not found on the other denominations). Again, though, I want to caution the reader that these are approximations and there were almost certainly periods when the various legends or various hairstyles overlapped and were in simultaneous production. [ATTACH=full]1361780[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 3.33 g, 17.1 mm, 1 h. Rome, autumn 154-early 155. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust right. Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair. Refs: RIC 502a(3); BMCRE 1088; Cohen 54; RCV 4704; Strack 506; CRE 168.[/SIZE][/INDENT] [ATTACH=full]1361781[/ATTACH] [INDENT][SIZE=3]Faustina II, AD 147-175. Roman AR denarius, 2.95 g, 17.1 mm, 1 h. Rome, autumn 154-early 155. Obv: FAVSTINA AVG PII AVG FIL, bare-headed and draped bust left. Rev: CONCORDIA, Concordia seated left, holding flower and resting elbow on cornucopiae set on globe under chair. Refs: RIC 502b; BMCRE 1086 n.; Cohen 55; RCV –; Strack 506; CRE 171.[/SIZE][/INDENT] In conclusion, though the Concordia reverse type seems to have been initially struck to commemorate the birth of Lucilla, the use of this reverse type with each of the later obverse legends suggests it was in production over a period lasting perhaps five or six years. Its theme, therefore, likely refers to the ongoing concord and marital harmony between Faustina and Marcus during the early 150s. The personification of Concordia is not limited to this reverse type, but is a recurring theme on the coinage of the empress throughout her life. ~~~ [B]Notes[/B] 1. Beckmann, Martin, [I]Faustina the Younger: Coinage, Portraits, and Public Image[/I], A.N.S. Numismatic Studies 43, American Numismatic Society, New York, 2021, p. 37. 2. Beckmann, [I]op. cit[/I]., p. 42. 3. Strack, Paul L., [I]Untersuchungen zur Römischen Reichsprägung des Zweiten Jahrhunderts, vol. 3, Die Reichsprägung zur Zeit des Antoninus Pius[/I]. Stuttgart 1937. 4. Mattingly, Harold, [I]Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, vol. 4, Antoninus Pius to Commodus[/I]. London, 1940, reprinted with alterations 1968, pp. xliv, lxxvi-lxvii; 158 ff. 5. Curtis L. Clay, [I]personal communication[/I], 13 September, 2021. 6. Contra Beckmann ([I]op. cit[/I]., p. 46), who writes, "There is a single [I]denarius[/I] with that portrait and a reverse of Concordia seated …" I illustrate here a second denarius with that portrait but left-facing, and a third with a reverse of Concordia standing. 7. Beckmann, [I]op. cit[/I]., pp. 44, 80-81. 8. Beckmann, [I]op. cit[/I]., pp. 41, 44.[/QUOTE]
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