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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Nemo, post: 2508677, member: 58462&quot;]All the denarii from the civil wars of 68-69 are rare, some are exceedingly rare. I was able to add the second known RIC 12 example to my collection this week.&nbsp; </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]533181[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>Civil Wars RIC 12</b></p><p>Civil Wars 68-69 CE. AR Denarius (17.50 mm, 3.39 g). Spanish mint, April-June 68 CE.</p><p>O: BONI EVENTVS, Female bust right, wearing fillet; hair rolled and looped above neck</p><p>R: VICTORIA P R, Victory standing left on globe, holding wreath in right hand and palm in left</p><p>- BMCRE I 292 Note + Taf 50.2; P.-H. Martin, the anonymous coins of the year 68 AD (1974) 82 # 99 PL 9; E. P. Nicolas, De Néron à Vespasien (1979) 1308 No. 31; 1435 f 1456 # 107 Taf 14.107 B; RIC I² Nr. 12 (Spain, 68 n. Chr.).</p><p><br /></p><p>The second known. All references given are to one example found in Münzkabinett Berlin.</p><p><br /></p><p>The civil wars at the end of Nero’s reign began with the revolt of the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gaius Julius Vindex, probably around the beginning of March of AD 68. Vindex had claimed that he had a force of 100,000 men, and a substantial coinage was certainly needed to pay them. </p><p><br /></p><p>Vindex offered the leadership of the revolt to Servius Sulpicius Galba, then governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, who was hailed imperator by the Spanish legions at Carthago Nova in April of the same year. The title was cautiously refused, but Galba did declare himself the legatus of the senate and people of Rome. Just a month later, Galba’s confidence would be shaken by the crushing defeat of Vindex near Besançon by the general Lucius Verginius Rufus, governor of Germania Superior. By 9 June Nero was dead, having taken his own life. Galba began his march to Rome, and his brief reign was underway.</p><p><br /></p><p>Without an emperor to strike in the name of (save for that in honor of the “model emperor” of Roman history, Augustus) the coinage was struck with messages suiting the political climate. The coinage under Vindex possesses a more aggressive air that underscores the militant nature of his revolt, while Galba’s tends to be more constitutional and optimistic in tone. Originally struck in large numbers, as indicated by the number of types employed, the coins of the civil wars are all rare today, having been recalled after the final victory of Vespasian in 69 AD. - CNG[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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