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Message:: [QUOTE="Alegandron, post: 3589286, member: 51347"]NICE idea for a thread, [USER=99177]@Marsman[/USER] !  And great Scaurus! There are a couple more to add to the list: MARSIC CONFEDERATION (Social War 90-88 BCE)[ATTACH=full]958944[/ATTACH]Marsic ConfederationDenarius 89 BCEObv: ItaliaRev: Italia seated shields, -victory crowning, In Ex: retro BCorfinium MintCampana 105 HN Italy 412aSear 228 RARE CAPUA - During the War with Hannibal: I understand Hannibal occupied Capua starting in 216-212 BCE. These coins were minted during that period under Capuan Magistrates allied with Hannibal. Capua - Defected to Hannibal in 216 BCE after the Battle of Cannae. Hannibal had promised that should Rome be destroyed, Capua would become the capital of Italia. Subsequently, when Rome retook Capua in 211 BCE, they punished the Capuans severely, and destroyed much of their coinage to erase any memory of Hannibal. Coins from Capua from this period are difficult to capture: <img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/campania-capua-ae-uncia-216-211-bce-diana-boar-hannibal-capital-italia-scarce-jpg.836488/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" />Campania, CAPUAAE UnciaAttribution: SNG ANS 210Date: 216-211 BCObverse: Bust of Diana right, with bow and quiver over shoulderReverse: Boar right, one pellet above, KAPV (retrograde) in exergueSize: 20.72 mmWeight: 6.56 grams2nd Punic War - Hannibal promises Capua as Capital of Italia after Rome destroyed.Scarce I have most of the list, but here are a couple that I can help with: 3) ETRURIA (RASENNA in their language)Possibly the first coin depicting a Sub-Saharan African.<img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/upload_2017-8-2_16-46-26-png.659183/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" />Etruria 3rd C BCEAE Quartuncia 18mm 4.76gHead of African rElephant r letter belowSNG COP 48 HNI 69 SNG Paris 138-140 SNG Morcom 44RARE CNG Write-up for a very similar coin (I purchased from another source): "ETRURIA, Arretium (?). The Chiana Valley. Circa 208-207 BC. Æ Quartunica. Head of African right; monogram to left / Indian elephant standing right, bell around neck; monogram below. HN Italy 69; SNG ANS 41 (same obv. die); SNG Copenhagen 48. rare. This enigmatic issue has been much discussed. It was Sestini in 1816 who first indicated their area of circulation in and around the Chiana (Clanis) valley and lake Trasimeno, dominated by the cities of Arezzo, Chiusi and Cortona. The traditional attribution of the issue to 217 BC, as representing the propaganda of Hannibal’s approach to Etruria, was modified by Robinson (op. cit.), who saw it as a provocative seditious type of Arretium, which was in a state of high tension with Rome in 209/8, in the hoped for arrival of Hasdrubal from Spain with reinforcements. However, the reverse depicts an Indian rather than African elephant with a bell around its neck reminiscent of the elephant/saw aes signatum issue (Crawford 9/1) of about 250-240 BC and associated with the battle of Maleventum (soon to be called Beneventum) in 275 BC when the captured elephants of Pyrrhus were brought to Rome in triumph. A similar Indian elephant is also depicted as a symbol on the Tarantine nomos issue (Vlasto 710-712), indicating the presence of Pyrrhus in the city in 282-276. The Barcid coinage of New Carthage (Villaronga CNH, pg. 65, 12-15) and that of Hannibal in Sicily (SNG Cop. 382) clearly depict African elephants belonging to the elephant corps from about 220 BC. As Maria Baglione points out in "Su alcune parallele di bronzo coniato," Atti Napoli 1975, pg.153-180, the African/elephant issue shares control marks with other cast and struck Etruscan coins of the region, she quotes Panvini Rosati in ‘ Annuario dell’accademia Etrusca di Cortona XII’, 1964, pg. 167ff., who suggests the type is to be seen as a moneyer’s badge or commemorative issue in the style of Caesar’s elephant/sacrificial implements issue of 49/48 BC (Crawford 443/1). The elephant, an attribute of Mercury/Turms, is an emblem of wisdom and is also a symbol of strength and of the overcoming of evil." 4) SAMNIUM The Samnites were a group of 4 tribes from South-Central Italy. They were an off-shoot of the Sabines, and were a very tough, sturdy people. As the Republican Romans absorbed many of the tribes, cities, and regions into their Empire, they fought three brutal wars with the Samnites in 343- 341 BCE, 326- 304 BCE and 298-290 BCE. Fighting the Samnites was a real struggle, brutal, and really toughened the Romans when they eventually defeated them. They learned that fighting a "backwards" mountain people would really give them a bloody nose. I believe that they incorporated the characteristic feather in the Helmet as a substitute or an addition to the horse-hair comb from the Samnites. I saw this and had to get it. <img src="https://www.cointalk.com/attachments/upload_2016-1-29_16-32-40-png.473192/" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" />SAMNIUM, Aesernia. Circa 263-240 BC.Æ (20mm, 7.14 g, 8h).Obv: Head of Vulcan left, wearing pilos; tongs to rightRev: Jupiter in biga galloping right; above, Nike flying right, crowning horses. Campana 4; HN Italy 430.Good Fine, dark green-brown patina.From the Camerata Romeu Collection.[/QUOTE]

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