Log in or Sign up
Coin Talk
Home
Forums
>
Coin Forums
>
Ancient Coins
>
Emperor/Despot John Comnenus Ducas - One of the Most Prolific Byzantine Minters - History + Coinage
>
Reply to Thread
Message:
<p>[QUOTE="The Trachy Enjoyer, post: 7400144, member: 118358"]<b><u>The History:</u></b></p><p>John Comnenus Ducas was ruler of the Empire/subsidiary of Thessalonica from 1237-1244. His father, Theodore I Comnenus Ducas, was emperor of a wide swath of territory. Theodore started with the small kingdom of Epirus but quickly conquered Thessaly, Thessalonica, Macedonia, and parts of Thrace. Theodore was the leading Byzantine figure of the era, only rivaled by the alternative claimant to the Byzantine throne, Nicaean Emperor John III.</p><p> [ATTACH=full]1287095[/ATTACH]</p><p>Theodore was highly capable and seen by most as the man who would retake Constantinople from the Latins after the fourth crusade. Theodore was preparing to do just this in 1230 when he amassed an army to march on Constantinople. At the last minute, however, Theodore diverted his army for unknown reasons to Bulgaria where he suffered a crushing defeat. Captured along with his son John Comnenus Ducas, both were imprisoned for 7 years by the Bulgarian emperor John II Asen. At some point in captivity, Theodore was blinded, thus ending his eligibility to rule the Empire of Thessalonica.</p><p><br /></p><p>In the mean time, Theodore's brother Manuel became ruler of Thessalonica with the support of John II Asen. He did not take the title emperor, however, but the lower title of Despot (equivalent to the use of Caesar in the older Roman empire). In 1237, however, Theodore agreed to marry his daughter to John II Asen in exchange for his freedom. Theodore and his John returned to Thessalonica after this long imprisonment to find a much weakened state. Manuel fled and Theodore installed his son John onto the throne, Theodore himself being ineligible himself after his blinding. John Comnenus Ducas ruled Thessalonica from his coronation in 1237 until 1242 when Thessalonica was attacked by their old rivals, the Nicaean Empire.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Nicaean Emperor John III decided to attack after John Comnenus Ducas had himself crowned emperor, a title not used in Thessalonica for over a decade and a direct attack on the authority of Nicaea. Theodore was first invited to visit John III, at which point the old blinded man was seized and imprisioned. John III was fearful of Theodore and saw him as the only real threat to Nicaea's claim to be the heir of Byzantium. John Comnenus Ducas was left on the Thessalonican throne without his father and was allegedly more interested in becoming a Monk than ruling his domain.</p><p><br /></p><p>After capturing Theodore, John III led a full invasion into Thessalonica. John III surrounded the city and released Theodore to negotiate surrender with his son. At this moment the Seljuks were causing trouble in the East and John III needed to return home quickly. He offered John Comnenus Ducas to the take the lower title of Despot and become a vassal of Nicaea in exchange for keeping his throne. John Comnenus Ducas accepted and John III returned East, securing the nominal overlordship of his only real rival.</p><p><br /></p><p>John Comnenus Ducas ruled as Despot from 1242 until his death in 1244. Theodore's other son was crowned Despot and ruled for a further two years until John III deposed him and secured Thessalonican lands under the direct rule of Nicaea.</p><p><br /></p><p>Theodore lived out his days in exile in Vodena. Theodore is described as, "energetic, resourceful, and exceedingly ambitious statesman, who inherited from his ancestor Alexios I Komnenos his endurance and persistence, but not the latter's intelligence, diplomacy, and ability to adapt". Theodore had much potential but it was squandered.</p><p><br /></p><p>Theodore's brother Manuel returned 4 years later and captured key cities in southern Greece, establishing the Kingdom of Thessaly. John III would go on to lead a flourishing Nicaean empire and future generations would look back to his reign as a golden age. His lands flourished, the arts were patronized, trade was increasing, and peace was (mostly) established. He great consolidated power in the shattered world of Byzantium post 1204. The ground work laid by John III would serve Michael VIII well when Constantinople was retaken. The question was no longer after John III...only when. John III would eventually become a Saint and was widely revered in Greek lands (then Turkish) as a quasi-mythical king up until the 19th century. He is still revered in the city of his birth today.</p><p><br /></p><p>The history of John Comnenus Ducas reads like a story where everyone is notable but himself...his coinage is quite different.</p><p><br /></p><p><b><u>The Coinage:</u></b></p><p>John Comnenus Ducas is one of the most prolific rulers in terms of coinage produced. The standard rate of AE coins minted in the post 1204 Byzantine world was one new coin type per regnal year. Theodore I, father of John and ruler of Thessalonica for 6 years, minted 7 AE coin types. Manuel I, brother of Theodore, ruled for 7 years and minted 7 different AE coins. John III, emperor of Nicaea, ruled for 32 years over Nicaea and minted 30 different AE types. John III ruled over Thessalonica for 12 years and minted 13 types there. John Comnenus Ducas stands in stark contrast.</p><p><br /></p><p>Ruling Thessalonica for just 7 years, John Comnenus Ducas minted a total of 29 different AE types and 53 if you differentiate on module size! This large disparity in coins produced is quite remarkable and John's prolific minting is not like any other comparative figure. The designs of John are not only more varied, but also more creative. Whole new types appear on his coins not seen anywhere else before. These, referred to as "novel" types, don't have an explanation as to why so many new types were introduced.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1287163[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1287162[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1287161[/ATTACH]</p><p>(This hand drawn table was created by Simon Bendall is his article "Notes on the Coinage in the name of John Comnenus-Ducas of Thessalonica (AD 1237-44)". It was published in <i>The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-) , 2002, Vol. 162 (2002), pp. 253-263</i>. I received the article from JSTOR and am sharing just a small portion of the article with these drawings for the purpose of collaboration and discussion about the coinage of John Comnenus Ducas. These drawings should be free and fair to use according to JSTOR's terms. However, if that for some reason is not the case please contact me and I will remove them immediately. The article is a great read I would recommend all interested to read it in its entirety as much great information is there contained.)</p><p><br /></p><p>Of note, John's types tend to be scare to rare. It appears that many different types were minted but perhaps the overall amount of coins minted is roughly the same or less as his predecessors. Based on hoard evidence, about 0.7% of coins in circulation were of John Comnenus Ducas which points to his coinage as being quite scare indeed (less than 1 in 100 of the already scare coins from the era being from him...combined with 29 different types...good luck to the collector<img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie10" alt=":oops:" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" />). The exception to this number being one outlying hoard found where 23% of coins were of John Comnenus Ducas (Of note, this was a small hoard with 26 trachys. The other hoards found had hundreds or thousands of trachys, all of which fell below 1% of the total coins). 6 known hoards contain coins of his.</p><p><br /></p><p>On the topic of module size, Simon Bendall writes, "These coins were struck in three sizes which are identified as Series I, II and III. Series I coins tend to weigh between c.3.00 g and 2.40 g and have a diameter of between c.28 and 24 mm. Series II coins are of approximately the same weight but are somewhat smaller, thus being a little thicker. Series III coins are considerably smaller, c.15 mm or less and weigh between 1.50 g and .50 g". Series III is the most common and series I the most scare, with many series I coins found clipped to series III size. It appears that series III types were only struck in Thessalonica for trade with Bulgaria. Nicaean Emperor John III minted no known series III coins upon taking over Thessalonica in 1246 after the dethronement of Demetrios Comnenus Ducas. Series III types copy all known series I types and it could be that series III are imiations. Series I is very scare and not many types survive. Future finds might discover more Series I types which could confirm or deny the imiation theory.</p><p><br /></p><p>Hendy speculates that the module III of John Comnenus Ducas were perhaps of a moving Venetian mint into the 1250s. This is not likely and well debunked by Ross Glanfield at <a href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" rel="nofollow">https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html</a> . That article also discusses the proposed module IV introduced by CLBC which would classify coins roughly the same size as module III but of a lower weight.</p><p><br /></p><p>Bendall also points out that due to no known overstrikes of John Comnenus Ducas' coins, they can not be dated beyond his general reign. Interestingly, John Comnenus Ducas is the only ruler of this era to featured as beardless on his coins! The sucessor of John Comnenus Ducas, Demetrios, probably minted only one scare type but Bendall suggests that the coins of John might have been continually minted under Demetrios, extending the production time from 1237-44 to 1237-46.</p><p><br /></p><p>The coins of John Comnenus Ducas are very interesting but many questions remain to be answered.</p><p><br /></p><p><u><b>My examples (pictures have the reverse first, sorry<img src="styles/default/xenforo/clear.png" class="mceSmilieSprite mceSmilie53" alt=":hungover:" unselectable="on" unselectable="on" />):</b></u></p><p><u><b><br /></b></u></p><p><b>John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica</b></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1287164[/ATTACH]</p><p>Obverse: St. Theodore, bearded and nimbate, standing facing in military attire, holding sprear in his right hand and placing his left on shield set on ground.</p><p><br /></p><p>Reverse: IωANIC ΔHC John standing facing on the left, wearing divitision and loros, holding anexikakia in his left hand and labarum in his right, crowned by the St. Demetrius, nimbate, standing facing on the right and holding hilt of his sword with his left hand. DOC 2; SB 2188</p><p>This coin is an example of a Series I coin clipped down to series III size.</p><p>--------</p><p><br /></p><p><b>John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica</b></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1287165[/ATTACH]</p><p>Obverse: Facing bust of the Virgin Mary, orans</p><p><br /></p><p>Reverse: Winged emperor standing facing, holding labarum. DOC 34; SB 2219; CLBC R4</p><p>--------</p><p><br /></p><p><b>John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica.</b></p><p><b>[ATTACH=full]1287166[/ATTACH] </b></p><p>Obverse: Eagle with wings outstretched, head to left</p><p><br /></p><p>Reverse: Patriarchal cross between facing busts of John and St. Demetrius. DOC 20; SB 2205; CLBC R3</p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>Sources:</b></p><p><a href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/ancient-maps/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=0&pos=6" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.forumancientcoins.com/ancient-maps/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=0&pos=6" rel="nofollow">http://www.forumancientcoins.com/ancient-maps/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=0&pos=6</a></p><p><a href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" rel="nofollow"><br /></a></p><p><a href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html" rel="nofollow">https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42668209?seq=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42668209?seq=1" rel="nofollow">Notes on the Coinage in the name of John Comnenus-Ducas of Thessalonica (AD 1237-44) on JSTOR</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" rel="nofollow"><br /></a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas" rel="nofollow"><br /></a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas" rel="nofollow"><br /></a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas</a></p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Dumbarton Oaks Volume IV part 1 and 2</p><p><br /></p><p>Late Byzantine Coins in the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="The Trachy Enjoyer, post: 7400144, member: 118358"][B][U]The History:[/U][/B] John Comnenus Ducas was ruler of the Empire/subsidiary of Thessalonica from 1237-1244. His father, Theodore I Comnenus Ducas, was emperor of a wide swath of territory. Theodore started with the small kingdom of Epirus but quickly conquered Thessaly, Thessalonica, Macedonia, and parts of Thrace. Theodore was the leading Byzantine figure of the era, only rivaled by the alternative claimant to the Byzantine throne, Nicaean Emperor John III. [ATTACH=full]1287095[/ATTACH] Theodore was highly capable and seen by most as the man who would retake Constantinople from the Latins after the fourth crusade. Theodore was preparing to do just this in 1230 when he amassed an army to march on Constantinople. At the last minute, however, Theodore diverted his army for unknown reasons to Bulgaria where he suffered a crushing defeat. Captured along with his son John Comnenus Ducas, both were imprisoned for 7 years by the Bulgarian emperor John II Asen. At some point in captivity, Theodore was blinded, thus ending his eligibility to rule the Empire of Thessalonica. In the mean time, Theodore's brother Manuel became ruler of Thessalonica with the support of John II Asen. He did not take the title emperor, however, but the lower title of Despot (equivalent to the use of Caesar in the older Roman empire). In 1237, however, Theodore agreed to marry his daughter to John II Asen in exchange for his freedom. Theodore and his John returned to Thessalonica after this long imprisonment to find a much weakened state. Manuel fled and Theodore installed his son John onto the throne, Theodore himself being ineligible himself after his blinding. John Comnenus Ducas ruled Thessalonica from his coronation in 1237 until 1242 when Thessalonica was attacked by their old rivals, the Nicaean Empire. The Nicaean Emperor John III decided to attack after John Comnenus Ducas had himself crowned emperor, a title not used in Thessalonica for over a decade and a direct attack on the authority of Nicaea. Theodore was first invited to visit John III, at which point the old blinded man was seized and imprisioned. John III was fearful of Theodore and saw him as the only real threat to Nicaea's claim to be the heir of Byzantium. John Comnenus Ducas was left on the Thessalonican throne without his father and was allegedly more interested in becoming a Monk than ruling his domain. After capturing Theodore, John III led a full invasion into Thessalonica. John III surrounded the city and released Theodore to negotiate surrender with his son. At this moment the Seljuks were causing trouble in the East and John III needed to return home quickly. He offered John Comnenus Ducas to the take the lower title of Despot and become a vassal of Nicaea in exchange for keeping his throne. John Comnenus Ducas accepted and John III returned East, securing the nominal overlordship of his only real rival. John Comnenus Ducas ruled as Despot from 1242 until his death in 1244. Theodore's other son was crowned Despot and ruled for a further two years until John III deposed him and secured Thessalonican lands under the direct rule of Nicaea. Theodore lived out his days in exile in Vodena. Theodore is described as, "energetic, resourceful, and exceedingly ambitious statesman, who inherited from his ancestor Alexios I Komnenos his endurance and persistence, but not the latter's intelligence, diplomacy, and ability to adapt". Theodore had much potential but it was squandered. Theodore's brother Manuel returned 4 years later and captured key cities in southern Greece, establishing the Kingdom of Thessaly. John III would go on to lead a flourishing Nicaean empire and future generations would look back to his reign as a golden age. His lands flourished, the arts were patronized, trade was increasing, and peace was (mostly) established. He great consolidated power in the shattered world of Byzantium post 1204. The ground work laid by John III would serve Michael VIII well when Constantinople was retaken. The question was no longer after John III...only when. John III would eventually become a Saint and was widely revered in Greek lands (then Turkish) as a quasi-mythical king up until the 19th century. He is still revered in the city of his birth today. The history of John Comnenus Ducas reads like a story where everyone is notable but himself...his coinage is quite different. [B][U]The Coinage:[/U][/B] John Comnenus Ducas is one of the most prolific rulers in terms of coinage produced. The standard rate of AE coins minted in the post 1204 Byzantine world was one new coin type per regnal year. Theodore I, father of John and ruler of Thessalonica for 6 years, minted 7 AE coin types. Manuel I, brother of Theodore, ruled for 7 years and minted 7 different AE coins. John III, emperor of Nicaea, ruled for 32 years over Nicaea and minted 30 different AE types. John III ruled over Thessalonica for 12 years and minted 13 types there. John Comnenus Ducas stands in stark contrast. Ruling Thessalonica for just 7 years, John Comnenus Ducas minted a total of 29 different AE types and 53 if you differentiate on module size! This large disparity in coins produced is quite remarkable and John's prolific minting is not like any other comparative figure. The designs of John are not only more varied, but also more creative. Whole new types appear on his coins not seen anywhere else before. These, referred to as "novel" types, don't have an explanation as to why so many new types were introduced. [ATTACH=full]1287163[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1287162[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1287161[/ATTACH] (This hand drawn table was created by Simon Bendall is his article "Notes on the Coinage in the name of John Comnenus-Ducas of Thessalonica (AD 1237-44)". It was published in [I]The Numismatic Chronicle (1966-) , 2002, Vol. 162 (2002), pp. 253-263[/I]. I received the article from JSTOR and am sharing just a small portion of the article with these drawings for the purpose of collaboration and discussion about the coinage of John Comnenus Ducas. These drawings should be free and fair to use according to JSTOR's terms. However, if that for some reason is not the case please contact me and I will remove them immediately. The article is a great read I would recommend all interested to read it in its entirety as much great information is there contained.) Of note, John's types tend to be scare to rare. It appears that many different types were minted but perhaps the overall amount of coins minted is roughly the same or less as his predecessors. Based on hoard evidence, about 0.7% of coins in circulation were of John Comnenus Ducas which points to his coinage as being quite scare indeed (less than 1 in 100 of the already scare coins from the era being from him...combined with 29 different types...good luck to the collector:oops:). The exception to this number being one outlying hoard found where 23% of coins were of John Comnenus Ducas (Of note, this was a small hoard with 26 trachys. The other hoards found had hundreds or thousands of trachys, all of which fell below 1% of the total coins). 6 known hoards contain coins of his. On the topic of module size, Simon Bendall writes, "These coins were struck in three sizes which are identified as Series I, II and III. Series I coins tend to weigh between c.3.00 g and 2.40 g and have a diameter of between c.28 and 24 mm. Series II coins are of approximately the same weight but are somewhat smaller, thus being a little thicker. Series III coins are considerably smaller, c.15 mm or less and weigh between 1.50 g and .50 g". Series III is the most common and series I the most scare, with many series I coins found clipped to series III size. It appears that series III types were only struck in Thessalonica for trade with Bulgaria. Nicaean Emperor John III minted no known series III coins upon taking over Thessalonica in 1246 after the dethronement of Demetrios Comnenus Ducas. Series III types copy all known series I types and it could be that series III are imiations. Series I is very scare and not many types survive. Future finds might discover more Series I types which could confirm or deny the imiation theory. Hendy speculates that the module III of John Comnenus Ducas were perhaps of a moving Venetian mint into the 1250s. This is not likely and well debunked by Ross Glanfield at [URL]https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html[/URL] . That article also discusses the proposed module IV introduced by CLBC which would classify coins roughly the same size as module III but of a lower weight. Bendall also points out that due to no known overstrikes of John Comnenus Ducas' coins, they can not be dated beyond his general reign. Interestingly, John Comnenus Ducas is the only ruler of this era to featured as beardless on his coins! The sucessor of John Comnenus Ducas, Demetrios, probably minted only one scare type but Bendall suggests that the coins of John might have been continually minted under Demetrios, extending the production time from 1237-44 to 1237-46. The coins of John Comnenus Ducas are very interesting but many questions remain to be answered. [U][B]My examples (pictures have the reverse first, sorry:hungover:): [/B][/U] [B]John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica[/B] [ATTACH=full]1287164[/ATTACH] Obverse: St. Theodore, bearded and nimbate, standing facing in military attire, holding sprear in his right hand and placing his left on shield set on ground. Reverse: IωANIC ΔHC John standing facing on the left, wearing divitision and loros, holding anexikakia in his left hand and labarum in his right, crowned by the St. Demetrius, nimbate, standing facing on the right and holding hilt of his sword with his left hand. DOC 2; SB 2188 This coin is an example of a Series I coin clipped down to series III size. -------- [B]John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica[/B] [ATTACH=full]1287165[/ATTACH] Obverse: Facing bust of the Virgin Mary, orans Reverse: Winged emperor standing facing, holding labarum. DOC 34; SB 2219; CLBC R4 -------- [B]John Comnenus-Ducas, as emperor of Thessalonica, 1237-1242. Trachy, Thessalonica. [ATTACH=full]1287166[/ATTACH] [/B] Obverse: Eagle with wings outstretched, head to left Reverse: Patriarchal cross between facing busts of John and St. Demetrius. DOC 20; SB 2205; CLBC R3 [B] Sources:[/B] [URL]http://www.forumancientcoins.com/ancient-maps/displayimage.php?album=lastup&cat=0&pos=6[/URL] [URL='https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html'] https://glebecoins.net/paleos/Articles/The_Coins_of_John_Comnenus-Duc/the_coins_of_john_comnenus-duc.html[/URL] [URL='https://www.jstor.org/stable/42668209?seq=1']Notes on the Coinage in the name of John Comnenus-Ducas of Thessalonica (AD 1237-44) on JSTOR[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas'] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Komnenos_Doukas[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas'] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Doukas[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas'] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Komnenos_Doukas[/URL] [URL]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_III_Doukas_Vatatzes[/URL] Dumbarton Oaks Volume IV part 1 and 2 Late Byzantine Coins in the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford[/QUOTE]
Your name or email address:
Do you already have an account?
No, create an account now.
Yes, my password is:
Forgot your password?
Stay logged in
Coin Talk
Home
Forums
>
Coin Forums
>
Ancient Coins
>
Emperor/Despot John Comnenus Ducas - One of the Most Prolific Byzantine Minters - History + Coinage
>
Home
Home
Quick Links
Search Forums
Recent Activity
Recent Posts
Forums
Forums
Quick Links
Search Forums
Recent Posts
Competitions
Competitions
Quick Links
Competition Index
Rules, Terms & Conditions
Gallery
Gallery
Quick Links
Search Media
New Media
Showcase
Showcase
Quick Links
Search Items
Most Active Members
New Items
Directory
Directory
Quick Links
Directory Home
New Listings
Members
Members
Quick Links
Notable Members
Current Visitors
Recent Activity
New Profile Posts
Sponsors
Menu
Search
Search titles only
Posted by Member:
Separate names with a comma.
Newer Than:
Search this thread only
Search this forum only
Display results as threads
Useful Searches
Recent Posts
More...