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<p>[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 2935995, member: 14873"]Very nice presentation indeed [USER=83845]@Curtisimo[/USER] with lots of excellent information - congratulations! My own emphasis is on the <i>Britannic Coinage & the Tetrarchy</i> which includes the coinage produced in Britain by the usurper Augusti, Carausius and Allectus and the British invasion coinage produced in Gaul by Constantius.</p><p><br /></p><p>I am posting the following much abridged and condensed extract from my <u>Britannic coinage and the Tetrarchy web page:</u></p><p><u><br /></u></p><p><a href="http://jp29.org/chis.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://jp29.org/chis.htm" rel="nofollow">http://jp29.org/chis.htm</a></p><p><br /></p><p>..... in order to depict a few examples of Tetrarchic unreduced folles produced by the London Mint.</p><p><br /></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">The reformed AE coinage (folles) of Diocletian:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Bronze with a silver wash as cataloged in THE ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE (RIC), Volume VI.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">I employ the Imperial name forms used in the headers by Sutherland throughout this web site. The following depiction includes the alternate name forms frequently used by collectors, dealers and some authors of historical texts and reference documents:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">DIOCLETIAN ........................... (no other names commonly used)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS ...... Maximianus, Herculius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">CONSTANTIUS ....................... Constantius I, Constantius Chlorus</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">GALERIUS MAXIMIAN ......... Galerius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SEVERUS .................................. Severus II,</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">MAXIMINUS ............................ Maximinus II, Maximinus Daia, Daza</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">CONSTANTINE ........................ Constantine I, Constantinus</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>Note:</b> Caution should be exercised when attributing folles of Galerius Maximian <i>(Caius Galerius Valerius Maximianus)</i> & Maximian Herculius (<i>Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus</i>) due to the similarity of their titulature. Galerius Maximian was both Caesar and Augustus during this time period whereas Maximian Herculius was always only Augustus. Therefor coins bearing the titulature MAXIMIANVS plus NOBIL CAES, NOB CAES, NOBIL C, etc., can only be those of Galerius Maximian. There is a special problem with Galerius as Augustus coins: The titulature is mostly exactly the same as that of Maximian Herculius and frequently the only way to differentiate between the two is by the portraiture on the coin obverse.</font></p><p><br /></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">The London Mint re-opened by Constantius after his invasion of secessionist Britain and restoration to the Empire:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Constantius re-opened the former London Mint of Carausius/Allectus now as an official facility with one officina (workshop), which continued to operate, somewhat sporadically, until its closure in 325. It seems very likely that initially the work force consisted of British die engravers and other workers, formerly employed by the Carausius/Allectus Mints, now supervised and mixed in with Lugdunese mint workers who accompanied the Constantius invasion force.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The London Mint continued to produce folles exclusively, first under Constantius and then under Constantine, until its closure in AD 325.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Initial re-opened London Mint coinage:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The obverses of the initial production coin series have cuirassed right facing busts with the long laurel ribbon tie laying on the neck and with small and compact inscriptional lettering.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SELECTED EXAMPLE COIN:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume VI, Londinium, No.1a, Diocletian, Augustus of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lon1ao.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lon1ar.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG</b> .................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>LON</b> in reverse exergue</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">As depicted in RIC Volume VI, Plate 1.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Subsequent coinage after this series (RIC VI, Londinium, Nos. 1-5) was unmarked (i.e. no LON mint mark) until the issue of reduced size/weight folles after the death of Constantius.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.8 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Intermediate London Mint coinage (Bastien):</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The coin obverses and reverses in this series replicate those of the Constantius Invasion coinage although in some instances the obverse busts are cuirassed (including some with elaborate consular features) and have London mint style small and compact inscriptional lettering. These intermediate style folles were issued immediately following the LON marked coins.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SELECTED EXAMPLE COIN:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Intermediate series coin (Bastien), not in RIC, Galerius Maximian, Caesar of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lonint1o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lonint1r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>C VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB C</b> ........................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Laureate with truncated bare neck bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Long wreath ribbon tie laying on neck</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">10.1 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Subsequent London Mint coinage:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The coin obverses follow an almost standard pattern - right facing laureate, cuirassed busts with short wreath ribbon ties secured behind the neck. The reverses depict what is by now the standard representation of the Genius of the Roman People standing, facing left, head surmounted by a modius, naked except for a chlamys over the left shoulder, holding a patera in the right hand and cradling a cornucopia in the left arm. Both the obverse and reverse inscriptional lettering is somewhat thick and compact with the legends reading clockwise around the periphery of the coin. The reverse legend is almost always GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. There is no mint mark in the exergue.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS:</font></p><p><br /></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 28a, Diocletian, Augustus of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lon28ao1.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lon28ar1.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>IMP DIOCLETIANVS AVG</b> ................................. <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Laureate, cuirassed, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">11.5 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 33, Galerius Maximian, Caesar of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon33o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon33r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>MAXIMIANVS NOBIL C</b> ......................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Laureate, cuirassed, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">11.9 gm.</font></p><p><br /></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian Herculius:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">On 1 May 305, Diocletian and Maximian Herculius abdicated to become <i>Seniore</i> (retired) Augusti.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">The successor Tetrarchs:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">On 1 May 305, Constantius succeeded Maximian Herculius as Augustus of the West and Galerius Maximian succeeded Diocletian as Augustus of the East. <i>Flavius Valerius Severus</i>(Severus), a close friend of Galerius Maximian, was appointed Caesar of the West by Constantius and <i>Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daia</i> (Maximinus Daza) was appointed Caesar of the East by Galerius Maximian.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Coinage of the successor Tetrarchs:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 47, Constantius, Augustus of the West:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon47o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon47r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>IMP CONSTANTIVS PIVS FEL AVG</b> ....................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Earliest obverse legend style.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Laureate, cuirassed, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.9 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 42, Galerius Maximian, Augustus of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lon42o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lon42r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG</b> ......................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Laureate, cuirassed, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Identical obverse inscription (2C) to the primary one of Maximian Herculius.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.7 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 63a, Severus, Caesar of the West:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon63ao.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon63ar.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>SEVERVS NOBILIS C</b> ........................................ <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Fully silvered but pitted.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped, laureate, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">As depicted in RIC Volume VI, Plate 1.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">11.3 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 65, Maximinus (Daia), Caesar of the East:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lon65o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lon65r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>MAXIMINVS NOBILI CAES</b> ......................... <b>GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped, laureate, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">8.8 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">The death of Constantius:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Constantius died at Eboracum (York) in Britain during a campaign against the warlike tribes of the North on 25 July 306. Just before he died, Constantius conferred Imperium on his son, <i>Flavius Valerius Constantinus</i> (later Constantine the Great). The army commanded by Constantius wanted Constantine proclaimed Augustus to succeed his father, however, Galerius Maximian, the now de-facto senior Augustus elevated Severus to Augustus of the West and affirmed Constantine as Caesar (of the West?).</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Author note: I believe that the Tetrarchy began to fall apart at this point in time. Surely Severus should automatically have assumed the title of Augustus of the West and then selected his own Caesar in accordance with precedent. Of course, Constantius conferring Imperium on his son and Galerius Maximian subsequently affirming him as Caesar threw a monkey wrench in the works and Galerius Maximian was stuck with the task of sorting it all out.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">Coinage of Severus as Augustus and Constantine as Caesar:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 46 (variant), Severus, Augustus of the West:</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon46o.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/000lon46r.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>IMP SEVERVS PIVS FEL AVG</b> ........................... <b>GENIO POPV - LI ROMANI</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped laureate bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse legend variation: PIVS FEL instead of PIVS FELIX.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.4 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><b><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 89b, Constantine, Caesar of the West (?):</font></b></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><img src="http://jp29.org/lon89bo.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /><img src="http://jp29.org/lon89br.jpg" class="bbCodeImage wysiwygImage" alt="" unselectable="on" /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>FL VAL CONSTANTINIVS NOB C</b> ........................... <b>GENIO - POP ROM</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><b>PLN</b> in reverse exergue</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped, laureate, bust.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Genius with head towered and loins draped.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Issued shortly after the death of Constantius following recognition as Caesar by Galerius.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.3 gm. .</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 2935995, member: 14873"]Very nice presentation indeed [USER=83845]@Curtisimo[/USER] with lots of excellent information - congratulations! My own emphasis is on the [I]Britannic Coinage & the Tetrarchy[/I] which includes the coinage produced in Britain by the usurper Augusti, Carausius and Allectus and the British invasion coinage produced in Gaul by Constantius. I am posting the following much abridged and condensed extract from my [U]Britannic coinage and the Tetrarchy web page: [/U] [url]http://jp29.org/chis.htm[/url] ..... in order to depict a few examples of Tetrarchic unreduced folles produced by the London Mint. [B][FONT=Times New Roman]The reformed AE coinage (folles) of Diocletian:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] Bronze with a silver wash as cataloged in THE ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE (RIC), Volume VI. I employ the Imperial name forms used in the headers by Sutherland throughout this web site. The following depiction includes the alternate name forms frequently used by collectors, dealers and some authors of historical texts and reference documents: DIOCLETIAN ........................... (no other names commonly used) MAXIMIAN HERCULIUS ...... Maximianus, Herculius CONSTANTIUS ....................... Constantius I, Constantius Chlorus GALERIUS MAXIMIAN ......... Galerius SEVERUS .................................. Severus II, MAXIMINUS ............................ Maximinus II, Maximinus Daia, Daza CONSTANTINE ........................ Constantine I, Constantinus [B]Note:[/B] Caution should be exercised when attributing folles of Galerius Maximian [I](Caius Galerius Valerius Maximianus)[/I] & Maximian Herculius ([I]Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus[/I]) due to the similarity of their titulature. Galerius Maximian was both Caesar and Augustus during this time period whereas Maximian Herculius was always only Augustus. Therefor coins bearing the titulature MAXIMIANVS plus NOBIL CAES, NOB CAES, NOBIL C, etc., can only be those of Galerius Maximian. There is a special problem with Galerius as Augustus coins: The titulature is mostly exactly the same as that of Maximian Herculius and frequently the only way to differentiate between the two is by the portraiture on the coin obverse.[/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]The London Mint re-opened by Constantius after his invasion of secessionist Britain and restoration to the Empire:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] Constantius re-opened the former London Mint of Carausius/Allectus now as an official facility with one officina (workshop), which continued to operate, somewhat sporadically, until its closure in 325. It seems very likely that initially the work force consisted of British die engravers and other workers, formerly employed by the Carausius/Allectus Mints, now supervised and mixed in with Lugdunese mint workers who accompanied the Constantius invasion force. The London Mint continued to produce folles exclusively, first under Constantius and then under Constantine, until its closure in AD 325. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Initial re-opened London Mint coinage:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] The obverses of the initial production coin series have cuirassed right facing busts with the long laurel ribbon tie laying on the neck and with small and compact inscriptional lettering. SELECTED EXAMPLE COIN: [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC Volume VI, Londinium, No.1a, Diocletian, Augustus of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lon1ao.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lon1ar.jpg[/IMG] [B]IMP C DIOCLETIANVS PF AVG[/B] .................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] [B]LON[/B] in reverse exergue As depicted in RIC Volume VI, Plate 1. Subsequent coinage after this series (RIC VI, Londinium, Nos. 1-5) was unmarked (i.e. no LON mint mark) until the issue of reduced size/weight folles after the death of Constantius. 9.8 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Intermediate London Mint coinage (Bastien):[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] The coin obverses and reverses in this series replicate those of the Constantius Invasion coinage although in some instances the obverse busts are cuirassed (including some with elaborate consular features) and have London mint style small and compact inscriptional lettering. These intermediate style folles were issued immediately following the LON marked coins. SELECTED EXAMPLE COIN: [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Intermediate series coin (Bastien), not in RIC, Galerius Maximian, Caesar of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lonint1o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lonint1r.jpg[/IMG] [B]C VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB C[/B] ........................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Laureate with truncated bare neck bust. Long wreath ribbon tie laying on neck 10.1 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Subsequent London Mint coinage:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] The coin obverses follow an almost standard pattern - right facing laureate, cuirassed busts with short wreath ribbon ties secured behind the neck. The reverses depict what is by now the standard representation of the Genius of the Roman People standing, facing left, head surmounted by a modius, naked except for a chlamys over the left shoulder, holding a patera in the right hand and cradling a cornucopia in the left arm. Both the obverse and reverse inscriptional lettering is somewhat thick and compact with the legends reading clockwise around the periphery of the coin. The reverse legend is almost always GENIO POPVLI ROMANI. There is no mint mark in the exergue. SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS:[/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 28a, Diocletian, Augustus of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lon28ao1.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lon28ar1.jpg[/IMG] [B]IMP DIOCLETIANVS AVG[/B] ................................. [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Laureate, cuirassed, bust. 11.5 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 33, Galerius Maximian, Caesar of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon33o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon33r.jpg[/IMG] [B]MAXIMIANVS NOBIL C[/B] ......................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Laureate, cuirassed, bust. 11.9 gm.[/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian Herculius:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] On 1 May 305, Diocletian and Maximian Herculius abdicated to become [I]Seniore[/I] (retired) Augusti. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]The successor Tetrarchs:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] On 1 May 305, Constantius succeeded Maximian Herculius as Augustus of the West and Galerius Maximian succeeded Diocletian as Augustus of the East. [I]Flavius Valerius Severus[/I](Severus), a close friend of Galerius Maximian, was appointed Caesar of the West by Constantius and [I]Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daia[/I] (Maximinus Daza) was appointed Caesar of the East by Galerius Maximian. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Coinage of the successor Tetrarchs:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS: [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 47, Constantius, Augustus of the West:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon47o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon47r.jpg[/IMG] [B]IMP CONSTANTIVS PIVS FEL AVG[/B] ....................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Earliest obverse legend style. Laureate, cuirassed, bust. 9.9 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 42, Galerius Maximian, Augustus of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lon42o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lon42r.jpg[/IMG] [B]IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG[/B] ......................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Laureate, cuirassed, bust. Identical obverse inscription (2C) to the primary one of Maximian Herculius. 9.7 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 63a, Severus, Caesar of the West:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon63ao.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon63ar.jpg[/IMG] [B]SEVERVS NOBILIS C[/B] ........................................ [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Fully silvered but pitted. Draped, laureate, bust. As depicted in RIC Volume VI, Plate 1. 11.3 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 65, Maximinus (Daia), Caesar of the East:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lon65o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lon65r.jpg[/IMG] [B]MAXIMINVS NOBILI CAES[/B] ......................... [B]GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI[/B] Draped, laureate, bust. 8.8 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]The death of Constantius:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] Constantius died at Eboracum (York) in Britain during a campaign against the warlike tribes of the North on 25 July 306. Just before he died, Constantius conferred Imperium on his son, [I]Flavius Valerius Constantinus[/I] (later Constantine the Great). The army commanded by Constantius wanted Constantine proclaimed Augustus to succeed his father, however, Galerius Maximian, the now de-facto senior Augustus elevated Severus to Augustus of the West and affirmed Constantine as Caesar (of the West?). Author note: I believe that the Tetrarchy began to fall apart at this point in time. Surely Severus should automatically have assumed the title of Augustus of the West and then selected his own Caesar in accordance with precedent. Of course, Constantius conferring Imperium on his son and Galerius Maximian subsequently affirming him as Caesar threw a monkey wrench in the works and Galerius Maximian was stuck with the task of sorting it all out. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]Coinage of Severus as Augustus and Constantine as Caesar:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] SELECTED EXAMPLE COINS: [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 46 (variant), Severus, Augustus of the West:[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon46o.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/000lon46r.jpg[/IMG] [B]IMP SEVERVS PIVS FEL AVG[/B] ........................... [B]GENIO POPV - LI ROMANI[/B] Draped laureate bust. Obverse legend variation: PIVS FEL instead of PIVS FELIX. 9.4 gm. [/FONT] [B][FONT=Times New Roman]RIC VI, Londinium, No. 89b, Constantine, Caesar of the West (?):[/FONT][/B] [FONT=Times New Roman] [IMG]http://jp29.org/lon89bo.jpg[/IMG][IMG]http://jp29.org/lon89br.jpg[/IMG] [B]FL VAL CONSTANTINIVS NOB C[/B] ........................... [B]GENIO - POP ROM[/B] [B]PLN[/B] in reverse exergue Draped, laureate, bust. Genius with head towered and loins draped. Issued shortly after the death of Constantius following recognition as Caesar by Galerius. 9.3 gm. . [/FONT][/QUOTE]
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