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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Orielensis, post: 4011582, member: 96898&quot;]Interesting write-up on a great type – thanks!</p><p><br /></p><p>As far as I see, the occasion on which this type was issued is still debated. As Jochen mentioned above, Babelon 1903 assumed that the spring below the <i>Dea caelestis</i> refers to the famous Zaghouan Aqueduct. He thus suggested that the &quot;indulgentia&quot; were the abolition of some tax imposed on Carthage for this aqueduct.</p><p><br /></p><p>Yet, the spring could simply be an attribute of the <i>Dea caelestis</i>, who also was a rain goddess. Already Eckhel thought this to be the more sensible interpretation: &quot;Aut, quod praestare existimo, haec aquae fluentes ad typum principem deae Coelestis pertinent. Fuit haec, teste iterum Tertulliano, pluviarum pollicitatrix, quas facile indicant aquae ex rupe profluentes, quae coelestibus pluviis nutriuntur&quot; (Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum 7, Vienna 1797, p. 184).</p><p><br /></p><p>Hasebroek 1921 therefore abandoned the aqueduct idea and instead proposed that the type celebrates Carthage having been granted the <i>ius Italicum</i> by Septimius Severus in 203/204. Most modern scholarship I know follows his interpretation.</p><p><br /></p><p>Also, this is a good opportunity to show my own example, which I received last year from an incredibly generous and thoughtful Secret Saturn. I truly love this coin – thanks again, whoever you are!</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1055422[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">Septimius Severus, Roman Empire, AR denarius, 202–210 AD, Rome mint. Obv: SEVERVS PIVS AVG; head of Septimius Severus, laureate, r. Rev: INDVLGENTIA AVGG IN CARTH; Dea Caelestis, draped, riding r. on lion, holding thunderbolt in r. hand and sceptre in l. hand; below, water gushing from rock. 19mm, 3.32g. Ref: RIC IV Septimius Severus 266. Ex Marc Breitsprecher; ex Secret Saturn 2019.</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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