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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Orfew, post: 3172662, member: 74968&quot;]I have started to get interested in crusader coins so I bought one of Florent of Hainaut.</p><p><br /></p><p>From Wikipedia:</p><p><br /></p><p><b>&quot;Florent of Hainaut</b> (also <i>Floris</i> or <i>Florence</i>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" rel="nofollow">Hainaut</a>, also spelled &quot;Hainault&quot;) (c. 1255 – 23 January 1297) was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Achaea" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Achaea" rel="nofollow">Prince of Achaea</a> from 1289 to his death, in right of his wife, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Villehardouin" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Villehardouin" rel="nofollow">Isabella of Villehardouin</a>. He was the son of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_Avesnes" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I_of_Avesnes" rel="nofollow">John I of Avesnes</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_of_Holland" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_of_Holland" rel="nofollow">Adelaide of Holland</a>. From his father he received the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadholder" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadholder" rel="nofollow">stadholdership</a> (government) of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeland" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeland" rel="nofollow">Zeeland</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>After he left Zeeland, he took up service with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" rel="nofollow">Charles II of Naples</a>, who made him <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constable" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constable" rel="nofollow">constable</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" rel="nofollow">Kingdom of Naples</a>. After his marriage with Isabella (16 September 1289), he had one daughter: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Hainaut" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Hainaut" rel="nofollow">Matilda</a>. She would succeed him and her mother as princess.</p><p><br /></p><p>Florent settled with his wife in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morea" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morea" rel="nofollow">Morea</a>. He negotiated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Glarentsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Glarentsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Glarentsa</a> with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" rel="nofollow">Byzantine Empire</a> in 1290. The situation for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" rel="nofollow">Franks</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece" rel="nofollow">Greece</a>was hopeless by this time, however. The fall of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" rel="nofollow">Angevins</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily" rel="nofollow">Sicily</a> meant that they were preoccupied with recouping territory there and few Western governments would send troops to defend Morea. Florent thus made peace and maintained it until 1293, when the Greeks retook <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamata" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamata" rel="nofollow">Kalamata</a>. Florent did not despair and did not reopen the war which had been ongoing until his succession: he instead sent an embassy in protest to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" rel="nofollow">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a>, and the emperor returned Kalamata. In 1296, the Greeks retook the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle" rel="nofollow">castle</a> of Saint George in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia" rel="nofollow">Arcadia</a>. Florent besieged the castle, but died before it could be taken.&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p>In part Florent is interesting because of his wife Isabella.</p><p><br /></p><p>From wikipedia:</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>&quot;On 28 May 1271 Isabella married <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Philip of Sicily</a>, son of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">Charles I of Sicily</a>. This marriage had been pre-determined by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Viterbo" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Viterbo" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Viterbo</a> in May 1267 between Charles, the exiled <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Constantinople" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin_II_of_Constantinople" rel="nofollow">Baldwin II of Constantinople</a> and Isabella&#039;s father. Taking advantage of the precarious situation of the remains of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_Empire" rel="nofollow">Latin Empire</a> in the face of renascent Greek power, Charles gained suzerain rights over Achaea; furthermore, the heirs of Baldwin and William were to marry children of Charles, and Charles was to have the reversion of both the Empire and the Principality should the couples have no heirs.</p><p><br /></p><p>Philip became titular <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Thessalonica" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Thessalonica" rel="nofollow">King of Thessalonica</a> in 1274, but he died on 1 January 1277, predeceasing his father. In line with the Treaty, on the death of Isabella&#039;s father William, in 1278, it was her father-in-law Charles who succeeded as Prince of Achaea.</p><p><br /></p><p>Charles died in 1285, to be succeeded by his son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" rel="nofollow">Charles II</a>. In 1289, however, on Isabella&#039;s marriage to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut" rel="nofollow">Florent of Hainaut</a> and on Charles II&#039;s accession as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" rel="nofollow">King of Sicily</a>, he conferred on the couple the titles of Prince and Princess of Achaea, on condition that, if she survived her husband, she would not remarry without Charles II&#039;s consent. Florent and Isabella had one daughter, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Hainaut" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_of_Hainaut" rel="nofollow">Matilda</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>As Prince, Florent negotiated the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Glarentsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Glarentsa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Glarentsa</a> with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" rel="nofollow">Byzantine Empire</a> in 1290. The peace lasted until 1293, when the Greeks retook <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamata" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalamata" rel="nofollow">Kalamata</a>; Florent&#039;s emissaries, however, persuaded <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" rel="nofollow">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a> to return it. In 1296, the Greeks retook the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle" rel="nofollow">castle</a> of Saint George in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia" rel="nofollow">Arcadia</a>. Florent laid siege to it, but died in 1298 before it could be taken.</p><p><br /></p><p>Isabella was married again in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome" rel="nofollow">Rome</a> on 12 February 1301. Her third husband was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_of_Savoy,_Lord_of_Piedmont" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_of_Savoy,_Lord_of_Piedmont" rel="nofollow">Philip of Savoy, Lord of Piedmont</a>, who now became Prince of Achaea in his turn. Philip aimed to reconquer the whole of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconia_(ancient_region)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laconia_(ancient_region)" rel="nofollow">Lacedaemonia</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" rel="nofollow">Greeks</a>. He was an authoritarian ruler and this put him at odds with the barons of his realm. He tried to placate the barons of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morea" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morea" rel="nofollow">Morea</a>, but was forced to accept a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament" rel="nofollow">parliament</a> in 1304. The Greek peasantry, crushed by taxes, then revolted in turn. In 1306 Philip and Isabella were summoned to Charles II&#039;s court at Naples. Philip was accused of disloyalty and failure to support Charles in a campaign against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despotate_of_Epirus" rel="nofollow">Epirus</a>, and Isabella of failing to seek her suzerain&#039;s consent before marrying Philip. Charles deprived the two of Achaea and on 5 May 1306 bestowed it directly upon his son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_Taranto" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_I_of_Taranto" rel="nofollow">Philip I of Taranto</a> (who thus became Philip II of Achaea). Philip of Savoy eventually relinquished his claim to Achaea on 11 May 1307 in exchange for the County of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba_(CN)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alba_(CN)" rel="nofollow">Alba</a>. Isabella, separated herself from him and went to live in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Hainaut" rel="nofollow">Hainaut</a>, continuing to assert her right to the Principality.</p><p><br /></p><p>Isabella died on 23 January 1312, after which Philip of Savoy remarried. On Philip of Taranto&#039;s death in 1313, Isabella&#039;s daughter by Florent, Matilda of Hainaut, became Princess of Achaea.&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]815724[/ATTACH] </p><p>[ATTACH=full]815722[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Photos are the copyright of Holding History Coins</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Please post your medieval coins[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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