I uploaded a few pictures to try and help diagnose these - thank you for sharing your expertise: 1. What is the Petrust error? 2. The counterstamp appears to be a 20, but it has an odd "2" that I may be misreading. 3. Nope. Not sure at all. But, the date and mint mark seem pretty clear, and it's definitely a 40 counterstamp. Since the host coin was defaced, I'm only guessing it was an 80 Reis as it is the same size/weight as the three other 80 Reis coins I have. Why? Is this an unusual combination? Or possibly an impossible/counterfeit one? 4. I think it's an M mint mark. It is below the date, where I found an R or B on some similar coins listed online. But, I didn't find an M and am wondering which dates minted at that mint so I can narrow down what this coin might be. To view larger versions of the pictures, you can click the uploads here twice or go to my Flickr account and "view original": www.flickr.com/photos/georgemo/
Thanks for the images, I'm looking at them, but they're pretty tough to make out. I'll keep looking more closely. 1. In the legend, instead of PETRUS (for Pedro) it is an error as PETRUST (yours is correct) 2. For the Goiás counterstamps of this era, it's either going to be a 20/80 or 10/40 or 10/20 or 20/75. For 1829, it's limited to 10/20, 10/40, 20/80 (yours). 3. The only possiblity I'm aware of for an 1828M is 10/37.5. The problem with what you've posted is that for this issue, the M mintmark is not next to the date, but rather below the denomination in lower center of the coin. I can't make it out clearly what the date or mintmark is in the photos of this coin. 4. It does look like an M mintmark to me too. It looks more like 1821 to me than 1811. The possibilities for 1821M would be 37.5, possibly counterstamped with 10, or 75, possibly counterstamped with 20. I think I see a 7 to the left of the damage, meaning it would be a 75 with some kind of damage in the middle. I have no idea what that damage is or why, but I wouldn't say it was official.
I just found the stamped 80 Reis given to me by my Swedish grandmother in 1968. In a morning of searching, I have seen none with an 80 counterstamp!