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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Marsyas Mike, post: 3747066, member: 85693&quot;]This is a very interesting topic, which I am not really qualified to say much about.&nbsp; In my recent efforts to educate myself on countermarks, I find that a single source about where, when, and at what value these coins circulated has not been found by me (Online that is).&nbsp; It seems pretty obvious that they were used in the provinces, but the undertypes were often (usually?) imperial. </p><p><br /></p><p>What I&#039;m talking about are those as or imitative as issues from the Balkans, Pannonia or the limes.&nbsp; Here is an example - at 7.16 grams, rather light, but the countermarks indicate a revaluation?&nbsp; I don&#039;t know:</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1004950[/ATTACH]</p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>Augustus&nbsp;&nbsp; Æ As / Dupondius</b></p><p><b>Imperial Moneyer with </b></p><p><b>Pannonia c/m (1st C. A.D.)</b></p><p>AVGVSTVS [TRIB]VNIC [POTE]ST in three lines within oak wreath / [?]MSAN[?]</p><p>around large SC.</p><p>(Uncertain attribution; possible Balkan imitative)</p><p>(7.16 grams / 25 mm)</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Countermarks:</b>&nbsp; <i>AVG</i>, <i>TICÆ</i> obverse / <i>P•P•</i> and <i>CAE</i> reverse.</p><p>M. Pangerl Collection</p><p>75 (AVG), </p><p>90 (TICÆ)</p><p>81a (P.P.)</p><p>77c (CAE) </p><p><br /></p><p>Underweight sestertii were revalued to dupondii at some point - for the provinces or Rome?&nbsp; Jamesicus was the source for this one - (thanks James!):</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1004953[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Claudius&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Æ Dupondius</b></p><p><b>(c. 41-54 A.D.)</b></p><p><b>Unofficial Mint (Sestertius)</b></p><p>TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TR P IMP, laureate head r. / [SP]ES AVGVSTA, Spes stdg. left, holding flower &amp; raising hem, [SC in ex.]</p><p>RIC 99; Cohen 85 (imitative). </p><p>(16.74 grams / 29 mm) </p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><b>Countermark:</b> <i>DV</i> and edge cut at 3 o&#039;clock, obverse.</p><p>Pangerl Collection No. 58.</p><p>This countermark signified validation as a dupondius on lightweight or unofficial</p><p>sestertii. </p><p><br /></p><p>Then there are all those TICA / AVG countermarks - these are very abundant, usually found on worn-slick discs that may have been asses at some point.&nbsp; Again, who knows?</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1004949[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>I hope all these countermarks aren&#039;t off topic!&nbsp; But the Kevin&#039;s original question is a good one - just what was Roman money in the western provinces?&nbsp; What is the connection to the Roman Army (I suspect a big one)? </p><p><br /></p><p>P.S.&nbsp; I can say this about Canadian coins - growing up in northern Indiana we got quite a few of them in pocket change.&nbsp; I used to cull them out as a kid - in the &#039;70s there were still quite a few George VI pennies and even an occasional &quot;stop sign shaped&quot; nickel.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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