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<p>[QUOTE="talerman, post: 4555252, member: 89314"]20 Poltura. 36 mm. 16.49 g. Cu.</p><p><br /></p><p>Here is the history of the poltura, according to Wikipedia:</p><p><br /></p><p>The <b>poltura</b> is a historic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary" rel="nofollow">Hungarian</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency" rel="nofollow">monetary unit</a> that was struck under the Hungarian rulers <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Leopold I</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Joseph I</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi" rel="nofollow">Francis II Rákóczi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Charles III</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria" rel="nofollow">Maria Theresa</a>. Its forerunner was the Polish <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82torak" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82torak" rel="nofollow">półtorak</a>, a coin equal to one and one-half <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosz" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosz" rel="nofollow">grosz</a> (<i>półtora</i> means <i>one and a half</i> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Language" rel="nofollow">Polish</a>).</p><p><br /></p><p>After 1526 (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" rel="nofollow">Battle of Mohács</a>) Poland gained a greater role in the reorganized economy and foreign trade of Hungary. As a result an increasing number of Polish small coins flew into the country. In Royal Hungary, Leopold I was the first who struck silver poltura on the influence of the Polish poltorak. The value of the coin was equal to ½ <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groschen" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groschen" rel="nofollow">Groschen</a></i> (Hungarian: <i>garas</i>) or 1½ <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzer" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzer" rel="nofollow">Kreuzer</a></i> (<i>krajczár</i>). Although even Charles III made preparations to mint poltura of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" rel="nofollow">copper</a> (evidenced by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_strike&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_strike&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="nofollow">trial strikes</a>), finally it was Maria Theresa who ordered minting of copper poltura coins by the imperial patent of 27 March 1761. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" rel="nofollow">Joseph II</a>, her successor did not mint polturas any more.</p><p><br /></p><p>Under Rákóczi, polturas were initially struck from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver" rel="nofollow">silver</a>, but purchasing of arms required bigger and bigger portion of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_metal" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_metal" rel="nofollow">noble metal</a> reserves. Consequently, copper 1, 10 and 20 poltura coins were stuck for the inner circulation (4 poltura coins are only known as trial strikes) to replace silver coins, these can therefore be considered as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_money" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_money" rel="nofollow">emergency money</a>. The general design included the small <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary" rel="nofollow">coat of arms of Hungary</a> with the Holy Crown for the obverse and Madonna with the child Christ for the reverse. The coins also featured indication of year of minting and value, as well as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mintmark" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mintmark" rel="nofollow">mintmark</a>. The most common denomination was the ten poltura coin, which was colloquially called <i>libertás</i> for the Latin inscription PRO LIBERTATE (for liberty).[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="talerman, post: 4555252, member: 89314"]20 Poltura. 36 mm. 16.49 g. Cu. Here is the history of the poltura, according to Wikipedia: The [B]poltura[/B] is a historic [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary']Hungarian[/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency']monetary unit[/URL] that was struck under the Hungarian rulers [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor']Leopold I[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor']Joseph I[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_II_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi']Francis II Rákóczi[/URL], [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor']Charles III[/URL] and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria']Maria Theresa[/URL]. Its forerunner was the Polish [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82torak']półtorak[/URL], a coin equal to one and one-half [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosz']grosz[/URL] ([I]półtora[/I] means [I]one and a half[/I] in [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Language']Polish[/URL]). After 1526 (see [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs']Battle of Mohács[/URL]) Poland gained a greater role in the reorganized economy and foreign trade of Hungary. As a result an increasing number of Polish small coins flew into the country. In Royal Hungary, Leopold I was the first who struck silver poltura on the influence of the Polish poltorak. The value of the coin was equal to ½ [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groschen']Groschen[/URL][/I] (Hungarian: [I]garas[/I]) or 1½ [I][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzer']Kreuzer[/URL][/I] ([I]krajczár[/I]). Although even Charles III made preparations to mint poltura of [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper']copper[/URL] (evidenced by [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trial_strike&action=edit&redlink=1']trial strikes[/URL]), finally it was Maria Theresa who ordered minting of copper poltura coins by the imperial patent of 27 March 1761. [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor']Joseph II[/URL], her successor did not mint polturas any more. Under Rákóczi, polturas were initially struck from [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver']silver[/URL], but purchasing of arms required bigger and bigger portion of the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_metal']noble metal[/URL] reserves. Consequently, copper 1, 10 and 20 poltura coins were stuck for the inner circulation (4 poltura coins are only known as trial strikes) to replace silver coins, these can therefore be considered as [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_money']emergency money[/URL]. The general design included the small [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hungary']coat of arms of Hungary[/URL] with the Holy Crown for the obverse and Madonna with the child Christ for the reverse. The coins also featured indication of year of minting and value, as well as [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mintmark']mintmark[/URL]. The most common denomination was the ten poltura coin, which was colloquially called [I]libertás[/I] for the Latin inscription PRO LIBERTATE (for liberty).[/QUOTE]
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