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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;John Anthony, post: 2511000, member: 42773&quot;]I have to stop buying books and start reading them. I completely forgot I had a copy of Tye&#039;s <i>Jitals</i>. I actually have a reference for these coins. I quote the paragraph on p. 78 concerning Mubarak, because it&#039;s interesting...</p><p><br /></p><p><i><font size="4">Mubarak, 1316-20 AD, introduced many innovations at the mint. He created 44 different denominations, comprising more than 70 types in just a four year reign. Examples of many denominations have not survived, but we have the account of Pheru, his mint master, to confirm the matter. The largest was the gold 200 tola piece (c. 2.18 kg in weight), the smallest the copper Visva, at a little under a gram. Four denominations were represented by round coins: the Chhagani (6-gani), <b>423</b>, the Chaugani (4-gani), <b>425-28</b>, and the Dugani, (2-gani), probably <b>429</b>, the scarcest. The square coins at jital weight were the Athagani (8-gani), <b>422</b>, and a further variety of Chaugani <b>424</b>. Pheru gives us very complete accounts of the composition of these coins, from which it is clear that their declared value exceeded their silver value by up to 20%, but varied in some issues. The discrepancy was more than can be accounted for by the cost of the copper and extra labour. Again we have sound historical evidence of a significant fiduciary element to the value of the issue, which depended in part upon a government stamp to fix its value. A square paika, <b>430</b>, was struck, but apparently with little enthusiasm, few have survived.</font></i></p><p><br /></p><p>Great analysis. I have the obverse and reverse switched according to Tye, so here is a new pic with the full attribution...</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]534045[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><font size="3">Delhi Sultanates, Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah Khilji, AD 1316-1320</font></p><p><font size="3">AR Chaugani, 13x15mm, 3.7g, Delhi mint, 719 AH.</font></p><p><font size="3">Obv.: Al-iman al-a / &#039;zam Qubt ud-du / niya wa ud din.</font></p><p><font size="3">Rev.: Kalifath Allah / Mubarak Shah As-Sultan / bin as-Sultan.</font></p><p><font size="3">Reference: Tye <i>Jitals</i>, 424, p. 78.</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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