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Message:: [QUOTE="ErolGarip, post: 2842301, member: 88736"]Those small stones... As said in one of previous post in page#8, they were taken here from <a href="http://www.historian.net/hxwrite.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.historian.net/hxwrite.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.historian.net/hxwrite.htm</a> of webpage of archaeology prof Donald. I sent him an email with a link to this thread, but, I've not got any reply, maybe, he is busy in the ruins. Maybe, he is viewing this thread and he can make clear why he called  them "counting tokens", however, he already wrote that they were used to count properties (cattles, grains, etc) and there is another stone inscription on his that page where we can see similar inciseds&groves, it is a clay with more detail, dated around 4000BC, that is the last centuries of 60,000 years of stone age and that inscripted clay stone is 3000 years younger than those "counting tokens" dated around 7000BC. Since this webpage of prof Donald is about history of "writing", he doesn't tell much about "counting", the term he used there. But, it seems that there is a link between those older small stones and younger clay stone with some abstract writings and their common link is inciseds/groves which were most likely for "counting" also as he said. However, those old small stones with inciseds could be some game pieces as well as "Sallent" said. Maybe so, but, this is another discussion related to "what makes a thing money" that is also related to this thread, but, first, we need to see "counting" before questioning "what they were counting, were they counting grain or were they counting game winnings or somethings else" because "counting" was in the basic basis of money in those old days and is still so even though nowadays we usually miss this because, after settlement, we have become more and more lazy (for ex, look at this small local grocery owner who is sick of counting coins in his shop everyday and instead of counting one by one, he is counting coins now by weighing them <a href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/parayi-tartarak-hesapliyor-40558302" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/parayi-tartarak-hesapliyor-40558302" rel="nofollow">http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/parayi-tartarak-hesapliyor-40558302</a>. I am sure he does not have a one 1kurus coin in his pocket, because he is lazy.) Anyway, I brought those ancient stone coins with inciseds here to this thread because "counting" is the most important property of the money itself, mathematically so. Its function of money (exchanging whatevers) is related to the economy more rather than the money itself more. Questioning money's function before learning what the money really is is another tall leap and this has been done for centuries. With political figures values, with material values, with economy/business connections, etc which all can be considered as "games" as well, we have been missing a thing (countability) about the money and the result is we don't have 1cent coin (or, equivalents such as 1kurus/1penny/1agora/etc) in our pockets. Now, maybe it is time for questioning this: What are we exchanging by using the money/coin actually? In other words, for ex, when we are giving 5cent (nickel) to a grocery, say, to get a chewing gum, what are we exchanging? Answer is simple of course, but, what are we counting actually? What is that "5" on the "nickel" coin for?, What are we counting by that "5"? In this example, lets say, we counted "whatever" for chewing gum. 9,000 years ago, by using "IIIII" inciseds instead of "5", maybe, they were counting "whatever" for "chowong gom". Does it matter? It doesn't. "Chowong gom" might have changed to "chewing gum", but, the principle in the money (whether it is "IIIII" or "5") has been same throughout the all history. That's why I am saying here "when I have 1cent coin in my pocket it means I also have 9,000 years old coin" as "1" or "I" is the counting basic. In those very old days, they might have not known millions (1000000..) that we know today, but, they too knew "1" as "I" that we too know today, that's, it is our common property with our very old ancestors since the beginning of counting&money.[/QUOTE]

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