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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Sulla80, post: 4752647, member: 99456&quot;]Great first Carthaginian, [USER=93702]@Clavdivs[/USER], and a nice pile on from [USER=44132]@Bing[/USER] and [USER=51347]@Alegandron[/USER], including the dazzling gold.&nbsp; All connected to extraordinary history - here are six more coins more for the pile starting with 4 AEs of Carthage:</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1160224[/ATTACH]</p><p>I don&#039;t know enough to assign these to the right time frames - so the three, to me, are :</p><p><b>Carthage</b>, Æ Unit, Carthage mint, 400-200 BC</p><p><b>Obv:</b> Wreathed head of Tanit left</p><p><b>Rev: </b>Horse standing right; palm tree in background</p><p><br /></p><p>The bottom right coin, not yet making an appearance in this thread, possible Sardinian mint.</p><p><b>Carthage, circa 300-264 BC</b>, Æ Shekel(?), Carthage (or Uncertain Sardinian?) mint</p><p><b>Obv:</b> Wreathed head of Tanit left</p><p><b>Rev:</b> Head of horse right; large pellet before</p><p><br /></p><p>One from a Carthaginian ally who switched sides at the wrong moment for Carthage.&nbsp; The horse on this coin is a link between Carthage and Numidians: Carthage&#039;s military relied on the strength of the Numidian cavalry. It was a blow to the Carthaginians when Masinissa switched sides in the Second Punic War (<a href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/massinissa/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.livius.org/articles/person/massinissa/" rel="nofollow">more here</a>).</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1160230[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>Kings of Numidia, Masinissa</b>, 208-148 BC</p><p><b>Obv:</b> Male head left</p><p><b>Rev:</b> Horse rearing left [palm with wreath ties behind?]</p><p><br /></p><p>and jumping forward several hundred years to Carthage under Rome:</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1160231[/ATTACH]</p><p><b>Septimius Severus</b>, AD 193-211, AR denarius, Rome mint, Struck AD 203 - there are two versions of this coin with Dea Caelestis facing forward or facing right - the facing forward are thought to be the earlier coins dated to late in 203 AD.</p><p><b>Obv: </b>SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right</p><p><b>Rev:</b> INDVLGEN TIA AVGG, IN CARTH in exergue, the Dea Caelestis, holding thunderbolt and scepter, seated facing on lion galloping right over rushing waters.</p><p><b>Ref:</b> RIC IV <a href="http://numismatics.org/ocre/id/ric.4.ss.266_denarius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://numismatics.org/ocre/id/ric.4.ss.266_denarius" rel="nofollow">266</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Septimius made an expedition to North Africa in AD 202, and remained there into AD 203.&nbsp; The reverse inscription indicates that a favor (Indulgence of the Augusti) was granted to the city of Carthage by the Augusti. The exact nature of the favor is the subject of multiple theories:</p><p>- the removal of tax on the aqueduct in Carthage (possible link to the rushing water on reverse)</p><p>- the emperor’s generous distribution of olive oil</p><p>- a decision to grant Carthage Pythian games</p><p>- a grant of <i>ius Italicum</i> (Italian law) to the city of Carthage[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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