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<p>[QUOTE="Valentinian, post: 3176828, member: 44316"]In 970 A.D. under emperor John I the copper coinage of the Byzantine empire underwent a remarkable change. Until then copper coins had the name and facing bust of the emperor on the obverse. John introduced a series of copper folles with a facing bust of Christ and no imperial name, hence they are "anonymous." Attributing them has occupied scholars for many decades.</p><p><br /></p><p>There are twelve types in the series. Some are very common and others rare. For the whole story, see my new site, "Byzantine 'anonymous folles' of the 10th-11th centuries"</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/" rel="nofollow">http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/</a> </p><p><br /></p><p>Here is one.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]817688[/ATTACH] </p><p><br /></p><p>It is large 32-30 mm anonymous follis of "Class A2" attributed to the reign of Basil II (the Bulgar Slayer) and Constantine VIII, 976-1028. Sear 1813.</p><p><b>Obverse: </b>A <b>facing bust of Christ</b> with a large halo (nimbus) and</p><p>+EMMA-NOVHA (Emmanuel) around. He holds the Gospels.</p><p>Small IC XC either side (for "Jesus Christus". "X" is a chi in Greek, the first letter of "Christ" in Greek. The "IC to the left of the neck and "C" to the right are visible on this example, but the "X" is barely there.)</p><p><b>Reverse</b>: A <b>four-line legend</b>:</p><p>+IhSUS (Jesus)</p><p>XRISTUS (Christ)</p><p>bASILEU (King of</p><p>bASILE (kings) </p><p><br /></p><p>Class A2 has a variety of decorations in the nimbus and above and below the reverse legend. This example has crosses in all six locations.</p><p><br /></p><p>For examples of the other classes and the whole story, see the site. </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/" rel="nofollow">http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/</a> </p><p><br /></p><p>Show us some anonymous folles![/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Valentinian, post: 3176828, member: 44316"]In 970 A.D. under emperor John I the copper coinage of the Byzantine empire underwent a remarkable change. Until then copper coins had the name and facing bust of the emperor on the obverse. John introduced a series of copper folles with a facing bust of Christ and no imperial name, hence they are "anonymous." Attributing them has occupied scholars for many decades. There are twelve types in the series. Some are very common and others rare. For the whole story, see my new site, "Byzantine 'anonymous folles' of the 10th-11th centuries" [url]http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/[/url] Here is one. [ATTACH=full]817688[/ATTACH] It is large 32-30 mm anonymous follis of "Class A2" attributed to the reign of Basil II (the Bulgar Slayer) and Constantine VIII, 976-1028. Sear 1813. [B]Obverse: [/B]A [B]facing bust of Christ[/B] with a large halo (nimbus) and +EMMA-NOVHA (Emmanuel) around. He holds the Gospels. Small IC XC either side (for "Jesus Christus". "X" is a chi in Greek, the first letter of "Christ" in Greek. The "IC to the left of the neck and "C" to the right are visible on this example, but the "X" is barely there.) [B]Reverse[/B]: A [B]four-line legend[/B]: +IhSUS (Jesus) XRISTUS (Christ) bASILEU (King of bASILE (kings) Class A2 has a variety of decorations in the nimbus and above and below the reverse legend. This example has crosses in all six locations. For examples of the other classes and the whole story, see the site. [url]http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ByzAnon/[/url] Show us some anonymous folles![/QUOTE]
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