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<p>[QUOTE="Valentinian, post: 3429682, member: 44316"]GGG can refer to an issue shared by three emperors, such as this one:</p><p><br /></p><p>AE3. CONCORDIA AVGGG </p><p>Roma seated, helmeted head <b>left</b>, holding globe on viewers left </p><p>378-383 </p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/type15.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/type15.html" rel="nofollow">http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/type15.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Common for Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius. 12 Mints. </p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]910656[/ATTACH] </p><p>Gratian, 367-383.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]910657[/ATTACH] </p><p>Valentinian II, 375-392</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]910658[/ATTACH] </p><p>Theodosius, 379-395.</p><p><br /></p><p>This issue is dated to the overlap in their reigns but not later than 383 because Arcadius, elevated in 383, is not included. </p><p><br /></p><p>Gratian was the son of Valentinian and became Augustus under Valentinian as a child of seven (in this late period the title "Caesar" was not being used for heirs; children began as "Augustus"). When Valentinian died in 375 Gratian's younger half-brother Valentinian II was also made Augustus. Theodosius, a successful general, was elevated to emperor in 379 shortly after Valens was killed in the disastrous battle of Adrianople and it was obvious an older military man was needed. His son, Arcadius, was not included in the issue.</p><p><br /></p><p>From the beginning of the reign of Valentinian in 364 scholars often use the number of G's to help date coins in this era when up to four rulers were active at the same time. See this page:</p><p><br /></p><p>Time Line -- Who issued coins when? (A.D. 364-455)</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/timeline.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/timeline.html" rel="nofollow">http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/timeline.html</a></p><p><br /></p><p>The number of x's in a column is the number of simultaneous rulers in that time period. Coins issued in that period usually have that number of G's.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="Valentinian, post: 3429682, member: 44316"]GGG can refer to an issue shared by three emperors, such as this one: AE3. CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated, helmeted head [B]left[/B], holding globe on viewers left 378-383 [url]http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/type15.html[/url] Common for Gratian, Valentinian II, and Theodosius. 12 Mints. [ATTACH=full]910656[/ATTACH] Gratian, 367-383. [ATTACH=full]910657[/ATTACH] Valentinian II, 375-392 [ATTACH=full]910658[/ATTACH] Theodosius, 379-395. This issue is dated to the overlap in their reigns but not later than 383 because Arcadius, elevated in 383, is not included. Gratian was the son of Valentinian and became Augustus under Valentinian as a child of seven (in this late period the title "Caesar" was not being used for heirs; children began as "Augustus"). When Valentinian died in 375 Gratian's younger half-brother Valentinian II was also made Augustus. Theodosius, a successful general, was elevated to emperor in 379 shortly after Valens was killed in the disastrous battle of Adrianople and it was obvious an older military man was needed. His son, Arcadius, was not included in the issue. From the beginning of the reign of Valentinian in 364 scholars often use the number of G's to help date coins in this era when up to four rulers were active at the same time. See this page: Time Line -- Who issued coins when? (A.D. 364-455) [url]http://augustuscoins.com/ed/ricix/timeline.html[/url] The number of x's in a column is the number of simultaneous rulers in that time period. Coins issued in that period usually have that number of G's.[/QUOTE]
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