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<p>[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 4592822, member: 14873"]<font face="Times New Roman">Portrait Coins depicting Caesars and Augusti who campaigned in Britain.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">* All images formatted by [USER=41219]@furryfrog02[/USER] </font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Four Augusti died in Britain:</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS - at Eboracum (York), AD 211, while campaigning in the north.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">CARAUSIUS - in southern Britain, AD 293, assassinated by his Chief Minister, Allectus.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">ALLECTUS - in southern Britain, AD 296, killed in battle with the invading force of Constantius.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">CONSTANTIUS (Chlorus) - at Eboracum (York), AD 306, while campaigning in the north.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Julius Caesar:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">In 55 BC Julius Caesar became the first Roman Imperator to set foot in Britain. He fought skirmishes with local Chieftains in the south east of the country eventually departing Britain later that year to resume his campaign in Gaul. He returned in early 54 BC and successfully subjugated the Britannic forces only to abandon the campaign later in the year.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137194[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Denarius, Crawford, Roman Republican Coins (RRC), No. 480/8 (March 44 BC - Alfoldi)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Coin obverse depiction: Julius Caesar wreathed head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription clockwise from right: CAESAR DICT PERPETVO (Dictator in Perpetuity)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Coin reverse depiction: Venus Genetrix standing, facing left, holding statuette of victory on palm of right hand and supporting vertical scepter with left hand</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription vertical to right: L BVCA (L. Aemilius Buca, Moneyer)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Weight: 3.5g</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Claudius:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Claudius perceived that it was imperative for him to accomplish a great feat of arms in order to enhance his prestige with the Senate and prove himself worthy of the title of Augustus. His own father NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS and brother GERMANICUS had been acclaimed as great military leaders on the northern frontier and he was determined to emulate their successes. His predecessor (and nephew), CALIGULA, had set out to conquer Britain and add that island outpost to the Empire, but had failed. Now Claudius was determined to fulfill that mission and to that end in AD 43 he dispatched an advanced force consisting of four legions commanded by a renowned general, AULUS PLAUTIUS to invade Britain and engage the Britannic forces there.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Shortly thereafter Claudius landed in Britain and assumed command of the army led by General Plautius. In short order Claudius accepted the surrender of the Britannic forces, appointed Plautius Governor of Britannia and subsequently returned to Rome to celebrate his Triumph and enhance his entitlement by the Senate as Father of the Country - PATER PATRIAE (PP), and exalted servant of the People - OB CIVES SERVATOS.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137200[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Sestertius, RIC Vol. I, Rome, No. 112, 50-54AD (36mm, 28.2gm)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse depiction: Claudius, laureate head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP PP</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse depiction: Civic Oak Wreath</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription in four lines:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">EX SC</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">P P</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">OB CIVES</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">SERVATOS</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">(within Civic wreath)</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Septimius Severus and his sons Caracalla & Geta:</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">In AD 208 SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS set out for Britain accompanied by his sons CARACALLA and GETA (who fought along side him during the campaign) with the avowed aim of restoring the much damaged Hadrian's wall and subduing the warlike native tribes of northern Britain and Caledonia (Scotland). In AD 211 he became terminally ill during the campaign, and after proclaiming Victory over Britannia, he withdrew to his headquarters at Eboracum (York) where he died later that year</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137197[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Septimius Severus, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 335</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse: Septimius Severus,, Laureate head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription clockwise from bottom: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse: Victory (Britannia?) seated left writing on shield</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137202[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Caracalla, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 231a</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse: Caracalla, Laureate head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription clockwise from bottom: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse: winged Victory advancing right holding trophy</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137201[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Geta, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 91</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Obverse: Geta, Laureate head facing right</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription clockwise from bottom: P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Reverse: Victory standing left holding wreath and palm branch</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The usurper Augusti of secessionist Britain - Carausius & Allectus:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The political and military turmoil of the third century spawned numerous external assaults on the Roman Empire. One of these was the incessant seafaring piracy in the waters surrounding the Roman occupied island outpost of Britain. In 286 Maximian Herculius, in his capacity as Dyarch Augustus of the West, designated a highly regarded military commander named Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius, of Flemish descent, to head a fleet of ships who's mission was to eliminate, or at least severely curtail, this piracy. Carausius had distinguished himself by outstanding leadership and military prowess, especially as a naval "Admiral", in the Gallic campaigns. Carausius established his operational base at the coastal city of Boulogne (Gesoriacum) in Roman occupied northern Gaul. Carausius did indeed accomplish his mission, but reports of corruption and extortion led Maximian Herculius to dispatch a fleet of ships in order to remove Carausius from command. However, Carausius proved too strong and he repulsed the attack.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Carausius subsequently used his continental base to launch an invasion force to occupy and subjugate Britain. Landing in the north, Carausius secured the support of the native Picts and, advancing south, confronted and defeated the forces of the Roman Governor. Having thus conquered the Island, he proclaimed himself Augustus of a Secessionist Britain, becoming an effective and efficient Administrator using the Roman Imperial governmental framework as a model. He maintained control of Boulogne and coastal northern Gaul. Carausius established two mints in Britain: one at London (Londinium) and the other at Colchester (Camulodunum - Clausentum) and a Continental mint in Gaul.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">The coins depicted here were minted in Britain at the London (Londinium) mint.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137199[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Carausius, Antoninianus, RIC V (2), No. 475:</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG ......................................... PA - X - AVG | S .....P</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped, radiate, bust</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">London Mint.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">3.9 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Allectus, the chief minister of Carausius, assassinated him (or orchestrated his assassination) in AD 293. He continued operation of the British Carausian mints and coins were issued in his name and bearing his portrait</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137196[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Allectus, Antoninianus, RIC V (2), No. 33:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG ............................. PA - X - AVG ..... S (Pax standing left) A</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">M L in reverse exergue.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Cuirassed, radiate, bust</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">London mint</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">5.1 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Allectus died in battle with the invading force of Constantius in southern Britain AD 296</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Constantius and his son Constantine</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">In AD 296 Constantius, then Caesar of the West, invaded secessionist Britain and restored it to the Empire as directed by Maximian Herculius, Augustus of the West</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137203[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC Volume VI, Lugdunum, No. 17a, Constantius, Caesar of the West:</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C .............................. GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Earliest obverse legend</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">10.1 gm.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Britannia invasion coinage produced in Gaul at unknown Continental mint</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1137307[/ATTACH]</p><p>RIC VI, Londinium, No. 47, Constantius, Augustus of the West:</p><p><br /></p><p>CT (Cloke & Toone), No. 4.02.003, 1 May 305 - 26 July 306, Rarity: S</p><p><br /></p><p>IMP CONSTANTIVS PIVS FEL AVG ....................... GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI</p><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Constantius was elevated to Augustus of the West after the Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian Herculius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">He Died at Eboracum (York) while campaigning against the warlike tribes of the North in AD 306</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">On his death bed, Constantius conferred Imperium on his son and companion, Constantine.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">[ATTACH=full]1137195[/ATTACH]</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">RIC VI, Londinium, No. 89b, Constantine, Caesar of the West:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">CT (Cloke & Toone), No. 5.03.004, c. November - December AD 307, Rarity: R</font></p><p><br /></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">FL VAL CONSTANTINVS NOB C ........................... GENIO - POP ROM</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">PLN in reverse exergue</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Draped, laureate, bust</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Genius with head towered and loins draped</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">Issued shortly after the death of Constantius following recognition as Caesar of the West by Galerius</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">9.3 gm.</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>
[QUOTE="jamesicus, post: 4592822, member: 14873"][FONT=Times New Roman]Portrait Coins depicting Caesars and Augusti who campaigned in Britain. * All images formatted by [USER=41219]@furryfrog02[/USER] Four Augusti died in Britain:[/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman]SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS - at Eboracum (York), AD 211, while campaigning in the north. CARAUSIUS - in southern Britain, AD 293, assassinated by his Chief Minister, Allectus. ALLECTUS - in southern Britain, AD 296, killed in battle with the invading force of Constantius. CONSTANTIUS (Chlorus) - at Eboracum (York), AD 306, while campaigning in the north. Julius Caesar: In 55 BC Julius Caesar became the first Roman Imperator to set foot in Britain. He fought skirmishes with local Chieftains in the south east of the country eventually departing Britain later that year to resume his campaign in Gaul. He returned in early 54 BC and successfully subjugated the Britannic forces only to abandon the campaign later in the year. [ATTACH=full]1137194[/ATTACH] Denarius, Crawford, Roman Republican Coins (RRC), No. 480/8 (March 44 BC - Alfoldi) Coin obverse depiction: Julius Caesar wreathed head facing right Inscription clockwise from right: CAESAR DICT PERPETVO (Dictator in Perpetuity) Coin reverse depiction: Venus Genetrix standing, facing left, holding statuette of victory on palm of right hand and supporting vertical scepter with left hand Inscription vertical to right: L BVCA (L. Aemilius Buca, Moneyer) Weight: 3.5g Claudius: Claudius perceived that it was imperative for him to accomplish a great feat of arms in order to enhance his prestige with the Senate and prove himself worthy of the title of Augustus. His own father NERO CLAUDIUS DRUSUS and brother GERMANICUS had been acclaimed as great military leaders on the northern frontier and he was determined to emulate their successes. His predecessor (and nephew), CALIGULA, had set out to conquer Britain and add that island outpost to the Empire, but had failed. Now Claudius was determined to fulfill that mission and to that end in AD 43 he dispatched an advanced force consisting of four legions commanded by a renowned general, AULUS PLAUTIUS to invade Britain and engage the Britannic forces there. Shortly thereafter Claudius landed in Britain and assumed command of the army led by General Plautius. In short order Claudius accepted the surrender of the Britannic forces, appointed Plautius Governor of Britannia and subsequently returned to Rome to celebrate his Triumph and enhance his entitlement by the Senate as Father of the Country - PATER PATRIAE (PP), and exalted servant of the People - OB CIVES SERVATOS. [ATTACH=full]1137200[/ATTACH] Sestertius, RIC Vol. I, Rome, No. 112, 50-54AD (36mm, 28.2gm) Obverse depiction: Claudius, laureate head facing right Inscription: TI CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG PM TRP IMP PP Reverse depiction: Civic Oak Wreath Inscription in four lines: EX SC P P OB CIVES SERVATOS (within Civic wreath) Septimius Severus and his sons Caracalla & Geta:[/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman]In AD 208 SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS set out for Britain accompanied by his sons CARACALLA and GETA (who fought along side him during the campaign) with the avowed aim of restoring the much damaged Hadrian's wall and subduing the warlike native tribes of northern Britain and Caledonia (Scotland). In AD 211 he became terminally ill during the campaign, and after proclaiming Victory over Britannia, he withdrew to his headquarters at Eboracum (York) where he died later that year [ATTACH=full]1137197[/ATTACH] Septimius Severus, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 335 Obverse: Septimius Severus,, Laureate head facing right Inscription clockwise from bottom: SEVERVS PIVS AVG BRIT Reverse: Victory (Britannia?) seated left writing on shield Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT [ATTACH=full]1137202[/ATTACH] Caracalla, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 231a Obverse: Caracalla, Laureate head facing right Inscription clockwise from bottom: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG BRIT Reverse: winged Victory advancing right holding trophy Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT [ATTACH=full]1137201[/ATTACH] Geta, Denarius, RIC Vol. IV, No. 91 Obverse: Geta, Laureate head facing right Inscription clockwise from bottom: P SEPT GETA PIVS AVG BRIT Reverse: Victory standing left holding wreath and palm branch Inscription: VICTORIAE BRIT The usurper Augusti of secessionist Britain - Carausius & Allectus: The political and military turmoil of the third century spawned numerous external assaults on the Roman Empire. One of these was the incessant seafaring piracy in the waters surrounding the Roman occupied island outpost of Britain. In 286 Maximian Herculius, in his capacity as Dyarch Augustus of the West, designated a highly regarded military commander named Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius, of Flemish descent, to head a fleet of ships who's mission was to eliminate, or at least severely curtail, this piracy. Carausius had distinguished himself by outstanding leadership and military prowess, especially as a naval "Admiral", in the Gallic campaigns. Carausius established his operational base at the coastal city of Boulogne (Gesoriacum) in Roman occupied northern Gaul. Carausius did indeed accomplish his mission, but reports of corruption and extortion led Maximian Herculius to dispatch a fleet of ships in order to remove Carausius from command. However, Carausius proved too strong and he repulsed the attack. Carausius subsequently used his continental base to launch an invasion force to occupy and subjugate Britain. Landing in the north, Carausius secured the support of the native Picts and, advancing south, confronted and defeated the forces of the Roman Governor. Having thus conquered the Island, he proclaimed himself Augustus of a Secessionist Britain, becoming an effective and efficient Administrator using the Roman Imperial governmental framework as a model. He maintained control of Boulogne and coastal northern Gaul. Carausius established two mints in Britain: one at London (Londinium) and the other at Colchester (Camulodunum - Clausentum) and a Continental mint in Gaul. The coins depicted here were minted in Britain at the London (Londinium) mint. [ATTACH=full]1137199[/ATTACH] Carausius, Antoninianus, RIC V (2), No. 475:[/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman]IMP C CARAVSIVS PF AVG ......................................... PA - X - AVG | S .....P Draped, radiate, bust London Mint. 3.9 gm. Allectus, the chief minister of Carausius, assassinated him (or orchestrated his assassination) in AD 293. He continued operation of the British Carausian mints and coins were issued in his name and bearing his portrait [ATTACH=full]1137196[/ATTACH] Allectus, Antoninianus, RIC V (2), No. 33: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG ............................. PA - X - AVG ..... S (Pax standing left) A M L in reverse exergue. Cuirassed, radiate, bust London mint 5.1 gm. Allectus died in battle with the invading force of Constantius in southern Britain AD 296 Constantius and his son Constantine In AD 296 Constantius, then Caesar of the West, invaded secessionist Britain and restored it to the Empire as directed by Maximian Herculius, Augustus of the West [ATTACH=full]1137203[/ATTACH] RIC Volume VI, Lugdunum, No. 17a, Constantius, Caesar of the West:[/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman]FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C .............................. GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI Earliest obverse legend 10.1 gm. Britannia invasion coinage produced in Gaul at unknown Continental mint [/FONT] [ATTACH=full]1137307[/ATTACH] RIC VI, Londinium, No. 47, Constantius, Augustus of the West: CT (Cloke & Toone), No. 4.02.003, 1 May 305 - 26 July 306, Rarity: S IMP CONSTANTIVS PIVS FEL AVG ....................... GENIO POPV -- LI ROMANI [FONT=Times New Roman] Constantius was elevated to Augustus of the West after the Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian Herculius He Died at Eboracum (York) while campaigning against the warlike tribes of the North in AD 306 On his death bed, Constantius conferred Imperium on his son and companion, Constantine. [ATTACH=full]1137195[/ATTACH] RIC VI, Londinium, No. 89b, Constantine, Caesar of the West: CT (Cloke & Toone), No. 5.03.004, c. November - December AD 307, Rarity: R[/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman]FL VAL CONSTANTINVS NOB C ........................... GENIO - POP ROM PLN in reverse exergue Draped, laureate, bust Genius with head towered and loins draped Issued shortly after the death of Constantius following recognition as Caesar of the West by Galerius 9.3 gm.[/FONT][/QUOTE]
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