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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Orfew, post: 2814686, member: 74968&quot;]Excerpts from Wikipedia </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>&quot;Charles VI</b> (3 December 1368 – 21 October 1422), called <b>the Beloved</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" rel="nofollow">French</a>: <i>le Bien-Aimé</i>) and <b>the Mad</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" rel="nofollow">French</a>: <i>le Fol</i> or <i>le Fou</i>), was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" rel="nofollow">King of France</a> from 1380 to his death. He was a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois" rel="nofollow">House of Valois</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>Charles VI was only 11 when he inherited the throne in the midst of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" rel="nofollow">Hundred Years&#039; War</a>. The government was entrusted to his four uncles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Bold" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Bold" rel="nofollow">Philip the Bold</a>, Duke of Burgundy; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" rel="nofollow">John, Duke of Berry</a>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Anjou" rel="nofollow">Louis I, Duke of Anjou</a>; and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II,_Duke_of_Bourbon" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II,_Duke_of_Bourbon" rel="nofollow">Louis II, Duke of Bourbon</a>. Although the royal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_majority" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_majority" rel="nofollow">age of majority</a> was fixed at 14, the dukes maintained their grip on Charles until he took power at the age of 21.</p><p><br /></p><p>During the rule of his uncles, the financial resources of the kingdom, painstakingly built up by his father, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V_the_Wise" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V_the_Wise" rel="nofollow">Charles V</a>, were squandered for the personal profit of the dukes, whose interests were frequently divergent or even opposed. As royal funds drained, new taxes had to be raised, which caused several revolts.</p><p><br /></p><p>In 1388 Charles VI dismissed his uncles and brought back to power his father&#039;s former advisers, known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmousets" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmousets" rel="nofollow">Marmousets</a>. Political and economic conditions in the kingdom improved significantly, and Charles earned the epithet &quot;the Beloved&quot;. But in August 1392 en route to Brittany with his army in the forest of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Mans" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Mans" rel="nofollow">Le Mans</a>, Charles suddenly went mad and slew four knights and almost killed his brother, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" rel="nofollow">Louis of Orléans</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a></p><p><br /></p><p>From then on, Charles&#039; bouts of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity" rel="nofollow">insanity</a> became more frequent and of longer duration. During these attacks, he had delusions, believing he was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_delusion" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_delusion" rel="nofollow">made of glass</a> or denying he had a wife and children.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a> He could also attack servants or run until exhaustion, wailing that he was threatened by his enemies. Between crises, there were intervals of months during which Charles was relatively sane.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-madmonarchs.guusbeltman.nl-1" rel="nofollow">[1]</a> However, unable to concentrate or make decisions, political power was taken away from him by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_du_sang" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_du_sang" rel="nofollow">princes of the blood</a>, which would cause much chaos and conflict in France.</p><p><br /></p><p>A fierce struggle for power developed between Louis of Orléans, the king&#039;s brother, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Fearless" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Fearless" rel="nofollow">John the Fearless</a>, Duke of Burgundy, the son of Philip the Bold. When John instigated the murder of Louis in November 1407, the conflict degenerated into a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagnac%E2%80%93Burgundian_Civil_War" rel="nofollow">civil war</a> between the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagnac_(party)" rel="nofollow">Armagnacs</a> (supporters of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Valois" rel="nofollow">House of Valois</a>) and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian_(party)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgundian_(party)" rel="nofollow">Burgundians</a>. John offered large parts of France to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" rel="nofollow">King Henry V of England</a>, who was still at war with the Valois monarchy, in exchange for his support. After the assassination of John the Fearless, his son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Good" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_the_Good" rel="nofollow">Philip the Good</a> led Charles the Mad to sign the infamous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Troyes</a> (1420), which disinherited his offspring and recognized Henry V as his legitimate successor on the throne of France.</p><p><br /></p><p>When Charles VI died, he was succeeded by his son <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" rel="nofollow">Charles VII</a>, who found the Valois cause in a desperate situation.&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><font size="4"><b>&quot;The English invasion and death[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_VI_of_France&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_VI_of_France&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" rel="nofollow">edit</a>]</b></font></p><p>Charles VI&#039;s reign was marked by the continuing conflict with the English, known as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" rel="nofollow">Hundred Years&#039; War</a>. An early attempt at peace occurred in 1396 when Charles&#039; daughter, the almost seven-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" rel="nofollow">Isabella of Valois</a>, married the 29-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" rel="nofollow">Richard II of England</a>. By 1415, however, the feud between the French royal family and the House of Burgundy led to chaos and anarchy throughout France that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" rel="nofollow">Henry V of England</a> was eager to take advantage of. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War_(1415%E2%80%9353)" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War_(1415%E2%80%9353)" rel="nofollow">Henry led an invasion</a> that culminated in the defeat of the French army at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" rel="nofollow">Battle of Agincourt</a> in October.</p><p><br /></p><p>In 1420, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes" rel="nofollow">Treaty of Troyes</a> was an agreement signed by Henry V of England and Charles VI of France, recognizing Henry as Charles&#039; successor, and stipulating that Henry&#039;s heirs would succeed him on the throne of France. It disinherited the Dauphin Charles (with further claim, in 1421, that the young Charles was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate" rel="nofollow">illegitimate</a>). It also betrothed Charles VI&#039;s daughter, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" rel="nofollow">Catherine of Valois</a>, to Henry V (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Kings_of_France" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Kings_of_France" rel="nofollow">English Kings of France</a>). The treaty disinheriting the Dauphin of France in favor of the English crown was a blatant act against the interests of France. The Dauphin sealed his fate, in the eyes of the mad king, when he declared himself regent, seized royal authority, and refused to obey the king&#039;s order to return to Paris.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-19" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-19" rel="nofollow">[19]</a> When the Treaty of Troyes was finalized in May 1420, the Dauphin Charles was only 17 years old.</p><p><br /></p><p>Charles VI died on 21 October 1422 in Paris, at the <i>Hôtel Saint-Pol</i>. He was interred in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Denis_Basilica" rel="nofollow">Saint Denis Basilica</a>, where his wife Isabeau of Bavaria would join him after her death in September 1435.</p><p><br /></p><p>Upon the death of Charles VI, his infant grandson, who had become <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" rel="nofollow">King Henry VI of England</a> at the death of his own father in August 1422, was, according to the Treaty of Troyes, also King of France, and his coronation as such took place at the cathedral of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris" rel="nofollow">Notre Dame de Paris</a> on 26 December 1431. In the meantime, the Dauphin Charles, who had settled in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourges" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourges" rel="nofollow">Bourges</a>, Paris being occupied by the English-Bourguignons since 29 May 1418, had to wait the arrival of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" rel="nofollow">Joan of Arc</a> to be taken to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" rel="nofollow">cathedral of Reims</a> for his coronation as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" rel="nofollow">Charles VII, King of France</a> on 17 July 1429. During his reign, Charles VII, the (disinherited) son of Charles VI, became known as &quot;Charles the Victorious&quot;.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-20" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France#cite_note-20" rel="nofollow">[20]</a>&quot;</p><p><br /></p><p>I look forward to adding this to my collection of &quot;historical figures dramatized by Shakespeare&quot;. He is, of course, an important figure in Shakespeare&#039;s Henry V. Please post your French hammered coins.</p><p><br /></p><p>France Blanc Guénar 1380-1422</p><p><br /></p><p>Charles VI - ND (1380-1422) - Mintmark Tours Sixth Point</p><p>Catalog: Monnaies Françaises Royales DupR 377</p><p>Material: Billon</p><p>(2.93 g 27.00 mm)</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]659529[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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