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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;seth77, post: 4663630, member: 56653&quot;][USER=87271]@AnYangMan[/USER] was kind enough to offer his expertise on my thread about Margaret of Constantinople and he also launched an invitation for me to delve deeper into the feudal coinages of the Netherlands.</p><p><br /></p><p>I have to say, I find this area extremely interesting and often rewarding, as I have mentioned in my Hainaut threads: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/marguerite-de-constantinople-la-comtesse-noire-de-hainaut-et-flandre.361956/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/marguerite-de-constantinople-la-comtesse-noire-de-hainaut-et-flandre.361956/">here</a>, about Margaret and here about <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/a-bit-of-gothic-aesthetic.361075/#post-4549589" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/a-bit-of-gothic-aesthetic.361075/#post-4549589">Willem III and Albrecht van Beieren</a> as Counts of Hainaut.</p><p><br /></p><p>Unfortunately, outside the high profile auctions of Elsen, I don&#039;t really know where to search for a more deeper understanding first hand of the Low Countries coinages -- that is outside the feudal and royal sections of the French ebay or the regional/provincial sections of the Dutch and Belgian ebay plus some Flemish independent collector and dealer sites.</p><p><br /></p><p>Regardless, I did my due diligence and, courtesy of patience and some Flemish that I can read and understand, I went searching for something interesting.</p><p><br /></p><p>And eventually there it was: a <i>leuwengroot</i> from Arnold van Rummen.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1150329[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3">ARNOLD d&#039;OREYE as SEIGNEUR de QUAEBEKE et RUMMEN (1331-1365/1373)</font></p><p><font size="3">AR25mm 2.16g silver leeuwengroot, Rummen mint, cca. 1364-1365.</font></p><p><font size="3">+ MOnЄTA ☘ RUMEn ❜• inside a circle of 12 oves with leaves inside; prancing lion to the left in center field.</font></p><p><font size="3">+ BEИEDICTV - SIT : ИOmE : DNI : NRI : IhV : XPI (esterior legend); ARn - O❜•QV - C D0 - Mn❜I (interior legend); long cross.</font></p><p><font size="3">Vanhoudt G 2007, Lucas 4-6, Torongo/Oosterhout Subtype I F2</font></p><p><br /></p><p>The <i>leeuwengroot</i> of Rummen is par excellence an imitation coinage, designed to mimic the <i>groten </i>of Flanders and Brabant, making these coins almost counterfeits. Arnold started the series of <i> leeuwengroten </i>very likely after 1355 or perhaps 1360 -- after the death of Jan III de Brabant, who was powerful enough to suppress such an illegitimate coinage, were it to arise during his reign.</p><p><br /></p><p>The many privy marks used and the fact that there were two distinct types minted seem to suggest that the mintage of the Rummen <i>groten </i>lasted for much longer than just the period between Arnold had sold his claim to the domain of Chiny (1364) and his sale of the Seigneurie de Rummen in 1365, but it is rather likely that during this period a large number of coins was minted, and very likely these variations with the many privy marks recorded, as it&#039;s the case in this specimen presented here.</p><p><br /></p><p>More on the classification of the <i>leeuwengroot </i>coinage of Rummen, for anyone who might be interested, can be found in Torongo &amp; Oosterhout - The Leeuwengroten of the Lordship of Rummen: A Preliminary Overview, as available <a href="https://www.academia.edu/39071129/The_Leeuwengroten_of_the_Lordship_of_Rummen_A_Preliminary_Overview" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/39071129/The_Leeuwengroten_of_the_Lordship_of_Rummen_A_Preliminary_Overview" rel="nofollow">here</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>This specimen comes from a French collection and was likely found in Normandy, showing an area of circulation similar to other Flemish billon and silver coinages.</p><p><br /></p><p>Similar examples <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1983771" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1983771" rel="nofollow">here</a>, <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1801420" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1801420" rel="nofollow">here</a> and <a href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1671215" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.acsearch.info/search.html?id=1671215" rel="nofollow">here</a>.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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