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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Curtis, post: 24764758, member: 26430&quot;]Congratulations, a very nice addition! Clear portrait, PERPETVO and CAESAR, which were my criteria for these.</p><p><br /></p><p>I&#039;ve got a pair of DICT PERPETVO portrait denarii. Including an L. BVCA, the same Moneyer named on yours, but with the Venus Victrix rev. (Crawford 480/8), albeit totally demolished!</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1584154[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>As you can see, you&#039;re not the only one willing to make sacrifices of condition to have this important historical type!</p><p><br /></p><p>My other JC portrait denarius (far right photo, below) is the same type but naming P. Sepullius Macer (Crawford 480/9).</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1584155[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>&quot;THE COINS THAT KILLED CAESAR&quot;</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p>The portrait denarius, especially the final one with the title &quot;Dictator in Perpetuity,&quot; has been nicknamed &quot;the coin that killed Caesar.&quot; The meaning is that it may have been &quot;the last straw&quot; convincing the Senators that it really was time to assassinate him -- and to do it <i>now!</i></p><p><br /></p><p>Both his portrait on a coin (which suggested he wanted to be a Greek King or even a god), and the title (which all but did name him King), were deeply offensive to the Roman ruling class. And it was terribly humiliating to have it done in such a public way. Must kill him. Just as publicly.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://conservatoricoins.com/a-historic-classic-julius-caesars-elephant-denarius-49-bc/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://conservatoricoins.com/a-historic-classic-julius-caesars-elephant-denarius-49-bc/" rel="nofollow">But I always add one more coin to that category: The Elephant Denarius</a>. One of Caesar&#039;s first acts upon crossing the Rhine and taking command of (even &quot;capturing&quot;) Rome was to strike these coins. He did it without Senate approval and using Treasury silver. (It would&#039;ve been okay if it had been a normal Imperatorial / &quot;military mint&quot; issue to pay Legions, but this was issued as an official Roman Denarius.)</p><p><br /></p><p>That was already a signal that he intended to act as an autocrat, entirely unconstrained by the Senate or pre-existing norms. (For a long time the Elephant Denarius was attributed differently, and still may be by some, by I accept <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25651734" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25651734" rel="nofollow">Nousek&#039;s [2008]</a> version. [<a href="https://www.academia.edu/268235/Turning_Points_in_Roman_History_The_Case_of_Caesars_Elephant_Denarius" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/268235/Turning_Points_in_Roman_History_The_Case_of_Caesars_Elephant_Denarius" rel="nofollow">Also on her Academia here</a>.])</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>&quot;THE TROPHY TABLEAU MONUMENT&quot;</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p>Caesar&#039;s 46 BCE &quot;Gallic Captives&quot; Denarius was the first coin to illustrate two bound captives at the foot of a trophy. (There had previously been coins with ONE captive &amp; trophy.) One bound captive (a Gallic warrior -- possibly even Vercingetorix?) and the personification of Gallia seated in a posture of mourning.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://conservatoricoins.com/two-captives-trophy/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://conservatoricoins.com/two-captives-trophy/" rel="nofollow">This design caught one and continued to appear on Roman coins</a> for nearly 400 years, through the reigns of Licinius and Constantine and sons.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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