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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Valentinian, post: 3996621, member: 44316&quot;]Mules (a.k.a. hybrids) are coins that combine an obverse type and reverse type that were not intended to be issued together. Mules can be produced when a mint is minting for two or more rulers simultaneously and a reverse die intended for ruler B is accidentally used with the obverse of ruler A. Lars Ramskold, a specialist in coins of the era of Constantine, tells me this coin is from an issue of Arles with numerous overstrikes and some mules. Lars says &quot;most overstrikes are on Licinius&#039; eastern IOVI CONSERVATORI issues, coins that were not recognized by Constantine.&quot; The issue is shared between Constantine as Augustus and Crispus and Constantine II as Caesars. It is distinguished by the mintmark</p><p>P✳AR&nbsp;&nbsp; (the place of P can be held by S, T, or Q) and dated by RIC to 322-3.</p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1052176[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>22-20 mm. 3.03 grams. Notice the double rim on the left side of the reverse which shows it was overstruck.</p><p><br /></p><p>The obverse of this type is for Constantine II</p><p>CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C</p><p>which, in this issue, usually has a &quot;VOT/X&quot; reverse with CAESARVM NOSTRORVM around the laurel wreath. That reverse is visually quite similar to this reverse which belongs to Constantine, &quot;VOT/XX&quot; and CONSTANTINI MAX AVG around the laurel wreath. P and S were the officinae for Constantine, and T and Q were for Crispus and Constantine II. So, this coin is a mint mistake of the sort called a hybrid or mule.</p><p><br /></p><p>RIC Arles 277/252-3, page 261.</p><p><br /></p><p>Show us anything related![/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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