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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;seth77, post: 7641631, member: 56653&quot;]Revisiting this thread in the light of Julian Baker&#039;s new book <i>Coinage and Money in Medieval Greece 1200-1430</i>, which came out last year and which offers a more conservative and fact-based approach to the Greek Frankokratia coinage, encompassing the latest data and the metallurgical research done on the Greek denier tournois in the last few years (there was some such research presented by Tzamalis previously, especially for the coinage of the Principality of Achaea). Baker comes with a different outlook on the denier tournois in Greece, reliant less on conjecture, stylistical considerations and historical theory and more on hard facts and Occam&#039;s Razor. According to his view there were no two mints operating in parallel in the Duchy of Athens (nor in Achaea) but rather the one at Thebes (and the one at Glarentza for the tournois of Achaea). </p><p><br /></p><p>Tzamalis proposed the opening of the second mint at Athens close to 1294, at the time of Guy II&#039;s coming of age, linking the new operation with the historically significant event of Guy&#039;s taking effective power. Baker on the other hand takes us through the more complex process of evolution connecting the death of Guillaume de la Roche in 1287 to the full reign of Guy II in 1294 through a series of issues that are not so clear-cut assignable to either definitive ruler, but rather a quasi-immobilized issue for Guillaume (the G DVX series after 1287, starting likely with GR104 and Gr105 and ending around 1290/1), followed by the regular Theban coinage of the most prolific series, of which the coin added previously is a part, but also, this one:</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]1314001[/ATTACH]</p><p><br /></p><p>and then by the &quot;new series&quot; of ca. 1300 with GVI DVX legend. </p><p><br /></p><p>The &quot;new series&quot; with the new legend and the new chateau tournois type was minted continuously until the death of Guy in 1308, and then re-instated by Gautier de Brienne in 1309 to last at least until the disaster at Kephisos in March 1311, after which the Duchy was overrun by the Catalan Company. </p><p><br /></p><p>The most significant revision that would have to be made if we accept Baker&#039;s perspective instead of Tzamalis&#039;s in this thread is that the GVI DVX... / ThЄBANI CIVIS added by me on January 22 2020 should be pushed later on the timeline, around 1307/8 and/or 1309-1311, as an immobilization by Gautier de Brienne&#039;s administration. </p><p><br /></p><p>In fact this is the type to have been possibly revived after the period of uncertainty (October 1308-April 1309), to be then used to pay for the Catalan Company while they were in Gautier&#039;s service in Boeotia, for a cost according to Ramon Muntaner of &quot;... quatre unces lo mes per home a cauall armat, dos per cauall alforrat et una unca per hom de peu&quot; -- expenses which we know were paid in tournois (ca. 1000 tournois per ounce).</p><p><br /></p><p>Another realization, this time on the negative side, is that the heavy coinage which I posted in my reply on December 9 2019, is very likely a modern forgery and one that is possibly from the same &quot;workshop&quot; or operation that has been bringing us the fake basilika that have been flooding the market in the last 5 years. </p><p><br /></p><p>But more on this later.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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