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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;+VGO.DVCKS, post: 6373894, member: 110504&quot;][ATTACH=full]1252292[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252293[/ATTACH]</p><p>France; County of Tonnere.&nbsp; Anonymous, c. 12th c.</p><p>Obv. +TORNODORI CASTI (Castle of Tonnere).</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; Cross; stars to each side.</p><p>(Boudeau 1726, Poey d’Avant 5855 /Pl. 135: 18; minor legend variant.)</p><p>The reverse motif riffs on a vaguely contemporaneous issue of the neighboring county of Auxerre.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252304[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252305[/ATTACH]</p><p>Obv. Latin cross, the lower arm extending to the outer border.</p><p>AVTS / IODER CI[vitas]; retrograde ‘C’ replacing the ‘D’.</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; Cross; three pellets to each side.</p><p>(Boudeau 1736, with another minor legend variant.&nbsp; ...Yes, they’re kind of endemic to the earlier phases of the series.&nbsp; ...No cause for alarm!)</p><p>This is an earlier issue from Auxerre, c. later 10th -earlier 11th centuries.&nbsp; Already with the same blundering of the legend as the preceding, but later example.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252298[/ATTACH]</p><p>(Boudeau 1731; Dumas, Trésor de Fécamp pp. 169-71 /6678-6723 and Pl. XII.)</p><p>During most of this interval, the counties of Tonnere and Auxerre were located in, and feudally subject to, the larger county of Nevers.&nbsp; From the 11th into the 13th centuries, the reigning count or countess of Nevers had direct administration over all three.</p><p>Here’s a later issue of Auxerre, c. 1230, corresponding to the comital reign of Mahaut /Mathilde I, Countess of Nevers 1193 -1257.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252303[/ATTACH]</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252257[/ATTACH]</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; +ALTISIODOR.</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; Cross; fleurs de lis and groupings of three pellets on each side.</p><p>(Poey d’Avant pp. 233-4, no. 5897.)</p><p>As a motif, the fleur de lis is distinctive of a small number of feudal issues from the early -mid 13th century.&nbsp; In this instance, it could be making reference to Mahaut’s immediate, paternal descent from a cadet branch of the royal Capetian dynasty.&nbsp; But along similarly speculative lines, they could be seen as symptomizing the broader expansion of royal administrative power over the same period.&nbsp; Not long after this, Mahaut’s granddaughter and heir was issuing deniers from Nevers itself, with the same motif.</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1252301[/ATTACH]</p><p>Mahaut II, Countess of Nevers 1257-1262.</p><p>Obv.&nbsp; In field: “I;” two stars to left, fleur de lis to right. +M. COMITISSA.</p><p>Rev.&nbsp; NIVERNIS CIVIT[AS].</p><p>(Boudeau 347, Poey d’Avant 2141.)</p><p>Post anything corresponding to the 10th -13th -century CE.&nbsp; --Go ahead!&nbsp; I <i>dare</i> you!</p><p>:&lt;}[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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