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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;seth77, post: 3592074, member: 56653&quot;]Usually there is a lot of trouble trying to date French medieval coinage. If you are lucky, you can assign a coinage to a certain part of the ruler&#039;s reign, basing your assumptions on historical context, contemporary documents or stylistic details (like for instance in the early coinage of <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/an-obscure-12th-century-lord-from-an-obscure-lordship-seigneurie-de-vierzon.339688/#post-3542785" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/an-obscure-12th-century-lord-from-an-obscure-lordship-seigneurie-de-vierzon.339688/#post-3542785">Vierzon</a>), but many more times than not, what you have to acquiesce with is a dating that overlaps the full reign of the ruler, or even an immobilized issue, spanning many generations. This is why many numismatists seem to be disregarding the issue of dating altogether, focusing more on the readily available characteristics of a certain coinage, which can be drawn from the study of hoards, like a ballpark sequence of issues that circulated at a given time in a general area and the place that the certain coinage had inside that relative sequence.</p><p><br /></p><p>And then, by the first two decades of the 1300s, we start to have extensive historical and written data that dates issues with extreme accuracy. Even more, we do know about coinages (from known <i>ordonnances</i>) that are yet to be identified phisically in the discovered numismatic material. This mostly deals with Royal coinage, that by 1300 was already standardized in the form of the double system -- <i>livre tournois</i> and <i>livre parisis</i>, but by 1315/16, the King of France was more actively involved in the standardization and the regulation of the baronial coinage too. The primary result was that, because of Royal involvement, we now know of about two dozen baronial coinages that circulated in and (probably) after 1315 (Ordonnance de Lagny-sur-Marne, 1315), and about the subsequent retreat of the baronial coinage, while being replaced with the Royal types, as barons found it easier and more lucrative to just sell their minting rights to the Crown than bother to follow a (somewhat restrictive) monetary policy.</p><p><br /></p><p>To the issue at hand, after a longish hiatus (there&#039;s a debate to be held here, whether Louis X, Philippe V and Charles IV minted the basic <i>denier tournois</i> and<i> denier parisis</i>), Philippe VI de Valois, who ascended on April 1, 1328, started a new series of these so-called <i>monnaies noires </i>on September 6, 1329, the same day that he ordered a stabilization of the billon title -- 333/1000 at a <i>poids theorique</i> of 1.25-1.27g for a <i>denier parisis</i> and 305/1000 at a <i>poids theorique</i> of 1-1.12g for a <i>denier tournois</i>. The two coinages were set to circulate together at the older rate of <b>1.25</b> <i>d. tournois</i> for <b>1</b> <i>d. parisis</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]959872[/ATTACH] <font size="3">The first page of the Ordonnance of September 6, 1329 that regulates the new <i>monnaies noires, </i>from a later copy, <i>Chambre de Montpellier, armoire A 7 n° 181, fol. 29 v°</i>&nbsp; <a href="http://www.ordonnances.org/textes/phil6/13290906.pdf" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.ordonnances.org/textes/phil6/13290906.pdf" rel="nofollow">ms. 4° 4, f° 179r°-184v°</a></font></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>The re-establishment, the valuation and the exchange rate of this old coinage made new, along with the real silver value placed into it, carried well with the general public, after the many phases of debasement and inflation which took place between the second part of the reign of Philippe IV and the reign of Charles IV.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>[ATTACH=full]959873[/ATTACH]</p><p><font size="3"><br /></font></p><p><font size="3">Philippe VI de Valois (1328-1350)</font></p><p><font size="3"><br /></font></p><p><font size="3">Specs:</font></p><p><font size="3"><br /></font></p><p><font size="3">AR18mm 0.85g denier tournois 1er type, September 6, 1329</font></p><p><font size="3">+ PhILIPPVS ° REX; Cross pomettee</font></p><p><font size="3">+ TVRONVS ° CIVIS °; Chateau tournois, no pellets, surmounted by cross over annulet.</font></p><p><font size="3">Duplessy 278, cf.&nbsp; Lafaurie 281, not in Ciani.</font></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>This high silver standard was apparently kept at least until 1339, or more certainly 1343, when a new era of debasements and re-issues began, with the standard being lowered to 179/1000 for the <i>denier tournois</i> and 239/1000 for the <i>parisis</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>This <i>1er type </i>owns its identification and assignation to the coinage of September 6, 1329, due to the research by Jean Duplessy in the 1970s, detailed in <i>Le tresor de Priziac (Morbihan), contribution a l&#039;etude du monnayage de Philippe VI</i>, published 1976 in Revue Numismatique 6e serie, XVIII. The description and datation of the types was confirmed again in 1999, when the second edition of <i>Les Monnaies Francaises Royales I</i> by Duplessy saw the light of print.</p><p><br /></p><p>Although the output of <i>deniers tournois</i> and <i>parisii </i>has been massive, these coins seem to be somewhat scarce today, especially in good condition. This might be due to lack of interest by the regular coin dealer in these &quot;mundane&quot; coins and/or due to the fact that it is very likely (as the hoard of Priziac with 15 specimens of <i>1er type</i>, hidden between 1350 and 1351, shows) that these coins were hoarded starting with the 1340s and 1350s, as per Gresham&#039;s law.</p><p><br /></p><p>The debasement would be even more pronounced during the reign of Jean II.[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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