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Message:: [QUOTE="Curtis, post: 8276301, member: 26430"]Here are some of my saved countermark references, cut and pasted from "master file" of notes. I may have some other annotated references and bibliographies on countermarks; if I find them, I'll add them too. Sorry -- didn't alphabetize! --- ONLINE REFERENCES: Numiswiki = <a href="https://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=countermark" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=countermark" rel="nofollow">https://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=countermark</a> RPC Countermarks: From RPC Online: <a href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/countermark" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/countermark" rel="nofollow">https://rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/countermark</a><blockquote>First 19.5 pages of 26 (approximately 968 entries out of perhaps 1272 [RPC CM 1272 = GIC 854, but ~305 in between marked as “GIC –”]) are cross-referenced to Howgego, including subtypes, GIC 1 through GIC 850, 850i, and 850ii (= RPC CM 966, 967, 968)</blockquote> Richard Baker = <a href="http://romancoins.info/countermark-Richard-Baker.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://romancoins.info/countermark-Richard-Baker.html" rel="nofollow">http://romancoins.info/countermark-Richard-Baker.html</a> . “The Countermarks Found on Ancient Roman Coins: A Brief Introduction.” Andreas Pangerl, Museum of Countermaks on Roman Coins = <a href="http://romancoins.info/Countermarks.html" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://romancoins.info/Countermarks.html" rel="nofollow">http://romancoins.info/Countermarks.html</a><blockquote>(As of 27 Jun 2021, the combined Pangerl – Baker Coll’s website reported > 11.5M page views.) </blockquote>Martini-Pangerl = Rudolfo Martini (2003) The Pangerl Collection - Catalog and Commentary on the Countermarked Roman Imperial Coins. (Nomismata 6.) Edizioni Ennerre. <blockquote>[Augustus to Vespasian.] Important private collection of countermarks. with >18 Plates (B&W). Very useful, types commonly found on collectable CM coins, most host coins are RIC, also imitations, and some RPC. On Martini’s Academia page: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/3821963/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/3821963/" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/3821963/</a></blockquote> Howard D Gibbs: “The Howard D. Gibbs collection of cut and counterstamped, necessity and siege coins of the Americas ...”Hans M.F. Schulman, Catalog of Public Auction (New York, 18 Mar 1966).<blockquote>Catalog on Archive:<a href="https://archive.org/details/howarddgibbscoll00hans" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://archive.org/details/howarddgibbscoll00hans" rel="nofollow">https://archive.org/details/howarddgibbscoll00hans</a></blockquote> See also AK Collection: <a href="https://issuu.com/cngcoins/docs/ak_collection_triton_xvi/28" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://issuu.com/cngcoins/docs/ak_collection_triton_xvi/28" rel="nofollow">Triton XVI AK</a>, 1004 = 39 RIC Countermarked AE. Werz-Bech Countermarks (Gegenstempel) = Werz U. 2004. Gegenstempel auf Reichsund Provinzialpragungen der romischen Kaiserzeit. Katalog der Sammlung Dr. Konrad Bech, Mainz. Numismatische Gesellschaft Speyer, Band 45. Softcover, 183pp., 12 plates, German text.<blockquote>[<a href="https://www.academia.edu/12570019/Gegenstempel_auf_Reichs_und_Provinzialpr%C3%A4gungen_der_r%C3%B6mischen_Kaiserzeit_Katalog_der_Sammlung_Dr_Konrad_Bech_Mainz_Speyer_2004_183_Seiten_12_Tafeln_Broschur_Schriftenreihe_der_Numismatischen_Gesellschaft_Speyer_Bd_45_" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/12570019/Gegenstempel_auf_Reichs_und_Provinzialpr%C3%A4gungen_der_r%C3%B6mischen_Kaiserzeit_Katalog_der_Sammlung_Dr_Konrad_Bech_Mainz_Speyer_2004_183_Seiten_12_Tafeln_Broschur_Schriftenreihe_der_Numismatischen_Gesellschaft_Speyer_Bd_45_" rel="nofollow">Preview (partial, no plates) on academia</a>] Interesting cataloging, each entry diagramming the placement, shape, and orientation of the countermark.</blockquote> Ulrich Werz (2009) DOWNLOADS Much larger study & database available here, full-text of Werz’ dissertation on countermarks (very valuable): <a href="http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6876" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6876" rel="nofollow">http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6876</a> Brunk = Brunk. 1980 “A Hoard from Syria Countermarked by the Roman Legions.’ American Numismatic Society, Museum Notes (ANS MN) 25, pp. 63-76. JSTOR Stable URL: <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43573598" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43573598" rel="nofollow">https://www.jstor.org/stable/43573598</a><blockquote>[Legionary Countermark Hoard, Syria]</blockquote> Buttery Countermarks = Buttrey, Jr., Theodore V. 1970. “Observations of the Behavior of Tiberian Counterstamps.” ANS MN 16: pp. 57-68. <a href="https://jstor.org/stable/43574030" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://jstor.org/stable/43574030" rel="nofollow">https://jstor.org/stable/43574030</a> Check also: Kraay, CM. 1956. “<a href="https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=smb-001:1953:4::552" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=smb-001:1953:4::552" rel="nofollow">Gegenstempel auf Überprägten Römischen Münzen</a>.” Schweizer Münzblatter [SMB] (6): 4-7. [Clain-Stefanelli 5004] [in German, with a few illustrations, not too vital.] Tesorillo – <a href="http://www.tesorillo.com/articulos/contramarcas/index.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.tesorillo.com/articulos/contramarcas/index.htm" rel="nofollow">Countermarks on Iberian Coinage</a> Francois de Callatay. 1997. “<a href="https://www.academia.edu/3388962/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.academia.edu/3388962/" rel="nofollow">Les monnayages ciliciens du premier quart du IVe s. av. J.-C</a>.” in Varia Anatolica, XII, O. CASABONNE (ed.), Mécanismes et innovations monétaires dans l'Anatolie achéménide. Numismatique et Histoire. Actes de la Table Ronde Internationale d'Istanbul, 22-23 mai 1997, Paris, 1997, p. 93-127, pl. IX-XV. [Countermarks / banker’s marks in Cilician coinage, esp. AR Staters.] See also collection sales: Patrick Tan (CNG), Jay Galst (CNG). See also examples: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/show-your-marks.295896/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/show-your-marks.295896/">show your marks | Coin Talk</a> (CT 295986, 6 May 2017 – 5 Mar 2018, 5 Pages)and: <a href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/post-your-c-s-c-m-ancients.315294/" class="internalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.cointalk.com/threads/post-your-c-s-c-m-ancients.315294/">Post Your C/S C/M Ancients | Coin Talk</a> (CT 315294, 24 April – 29 Oct 2018, 3 Pages) – many duplicates across those two; many examples of types I have (e.g., dolphin, radiate head helios cilicia tarsos, TICA CAE etc. types); Doug posts a bunch but not the one I bought. PRINT-ONLY REFERENCES (in [USER=26430]@Curtis[/USER]  library, ask for reference checks/limited page-scans): Bibliography c. 1946-1977: E.E. Clain-Stefanelli (1985) Page 431: Nos. 4999 – 5008.<blockquote>All seemingly re: RIC and RPC. Some look worth looking up; I’ve only checked the two by Kraay so far (5003, 5004). Interesting how little had been written to that point (and still has). Howgego’s (1985) Greek Imperial Countermarks just missed the deadline (surely it deserved a “forthcoming” entry!).</blockquote> Howgego GIC = Howgego = Howgego, Christopher. 2005 [1985]. Greek Imperial Countermarks. London: Spink [Royal Numismatic Society].<blockquote>The bible for RPC Countermarks. As he notes in the intro, such a project has never been attempted for the even more vast and less organized countermarks of the pre-Roman Greek worlds of Europe, the Mediterranean, and Asia. </blockquote>Kraay, Colin M. 1979 [1956]. “The Behavior of Early Imperial Countermarks.” Pp. 113-136 in Essays in Roman Coinage Presented to Harold Mattingly, ed. by RAG Carson & CHV Sutherland. London: Scientia Verlag Aalen [Oxford]. [Clain-Stefanelli 5003, for chapter.] --- EDIT: One more, big one! <a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002314204&view=1up&seq=169" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002314204&view=1up&seq=169" rel="nofollow">BMCRE vol I, Augustus to Vitellius</a>. Mattingly, H. & R.A.G. Carson. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum. (London, 1923 – 1963). Vol. 1: Augustus to Vitellius. (London, 1923).<blockquote><a href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69977" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69977" rel="nofollow">https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69977</a> Augustus – Claudius:Note the countermarks section beginning on p.XXVIII (28). The As is the most frequently countermarked of the first century (particularly in frontier regions and near war zones), and probably mostly owing to traveling soldiers. The As is the coinage of daily use and small purchase, so the countermarking of legal tender extending the purchasing power of the traveling soldier across the empire, where Asses of another region might not be legal tender.</blockquote> <blockquote>Alphabetical list of known countermarks begins XXXII (p.32) through XLIII (p 43). P.32 through page XXXVIII (38) for Latin (single & multiple). Page XXXIV (34): NCARP: “N(ero) C(aesar) A(ugustus) PR(obavit).” Only a short list of Greek on XXXVIIIp38, then on to the “Symbols.”</blockquote>[/QUOTE]

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