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Message:: [QUOTE="ValiantKnight, post: 2742504, member: 44210"]I don't really collect 17th century, but I still like this coin. It's interesting, different, and very importantly, I, as someone with Spanish ancestry, feel a connection to (same thing with my Visigothic coins and my Lima-mint silver 2 reales). This is an old acquisition, bought during my first year of collecting ancients and other non-modern coins. I might have shown it years ago on another forum but this is the first time I've posted it here. As always, please post anything you feel is relevant. Philip IV, Kingdom of SpainAE 8 maravedisObv:  PHILIPPVS · IIII · D · G , bare head rightRev:  HISPANIARVM REX · 1661 ·, crowned coat of arms , Y to left, MA sideways to rightMint: MadridDate: 1661Ref: Cal. 1420 [ATTACH=full]626315[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]626320[/ATTACH] Philip IV (Felipe in Spanish; Filipe in Portuguese) was born on April 8, 1605 in Valladolid, Spain, to Philip III and Margaret of Austria. At age 10 he was married to 13-year old Elisabeth of France, but possible meddling on the part of his chief minister, Olivares, might have contributed to the distant relationship between the two. Despite this, the couple had seven children, and Philip was considered to be a good father. In 1621, he succeeded his father as King of Spain and King of Portugal (as Filipe III, until 1640). During his reign the Spanish Empire was at its largest extent, but it was already in decline by this time. Traditionally Philip IV was given the blame for this, since he supposedly was a weak ruler and a puppet of his advisers, but more recently has this viewpoint changed, and he is now considered a capable and intelligent ruler who was actively involved in the governance of his empire, and that it was factors ultimately out of his control that helped Spain's decline. Philip worked to improve the financial system in Spain's European colonies, but while this was successful, this caused tension and resentment among colonial officials, and foreign creditors took a toll on the empire's finances. Philip's rule was also marked by the Thirty-Years War, a religious conflict between German Catholics and Protestants that turned into a general European war between Hapsburg and anti-Hapsburg forces. Spain achieved early successes, but France later entered the war. Revolts began to appear in Spanish territories, some instigated by France. Ultimately, Philip made peace with Spain's enemies, and the marriage of his daughter Maria Theresa to King Louis XIV helped end hostilities with France. Spanish and Portuguese empires (as part of the "Iberian Union"), around 1600: [ATTACH=full]626325[/ATTACH] In his later years, Philip came to increasingly rely on God and faith. He did so with the help of a mystic known as Sister Maria de Ágreda, who supposedly connected with God on Philip's behalf and gave him advice. The hardships and misfortunes that befell Spain led Philip to believe that he was a poor and ineffective ruler, and he died depressed on September 17, 1665. He was succeeded by his 4-year old son, Charles II. His full title (by 1648):  "Don Philip the Fourth, by the grace of God king of Castile, Leon, Aragon, the Two Sicilies, Jerusalem, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Minorca, Seville, Cerdagne, Cordoba, Corsica, Murcia, Jaen, Algeciras, Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Eastern and Western Indies, the islands and terra firma of the Ocean, archduke of Austria, duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Milan, count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, Barcelona, lord of Biscay and Molina, etc." Spanish army during the 17th century: [ATTACH=full]626321[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]626324[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]

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