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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Pete Apple, post: 26541301, member: 103982&quot;]The area shows scrapes at the same angle as NE of the shield. It is more common with Schuler horizontal stroke presses for additional gouged areas to be present. I think you see feeder mechanism damage. I am adding your example to my census RE: finger mechanism die damage.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>There has never been a verified delamination (lamination) on a copper plated zinc cent. Those so attributed have been plating peels. This is not one either. Delamination is separation of an alloy along horizontal planes of weakness (= The Numismatic Definition). The copper plating technically could show one but there needs to be a layer of plating left. Since it is only 8 microns thick to begin with, that is unlikely. While the zinc is an alloy, the other metals in the alloy are so minuscule, that is also unlikely.</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Zinc Alloy 190 is electroplated with 8 microns of copper. (ALTERNATIVE METALS STUDY Contract Number: TM-HQ-11-C-0049 FINAL REPORT August 31, 2012 by Concurrent Technologies Corporation, Submitted to: United States Mint, Page 1, Section 1.1) ALLOY 190: COMPOSITION (% by Weight) Lead = 0.005 max; Iron = 0.010 max; Cadmium = 0.005 max; Copper = 0.7 to 0.9; Zinc = Balance. (Jarden Zinc, 8/12/2015) {Jarden Zinc now rebranded as ARTAZN LLC}</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>For further details, see my article: Why are Copper Plated Zinc Cents Resistant to Lamination? in Errorscope I September/October 2019.</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>WHY THE CONFUSION ABOUT LAMINATIONS?</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>I think the confusion originates with different definitions:</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Lamination (Delamination) carries different meanings for different disciplines.</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Wood lamination (delamination)</b></p><p><br /></p><p><b>In delamination of laminated wood products, openings are separations between the laminations at a glueline, not in the wood fiber. Delamination occurs when the glue bond is not adequate to resist moisture cycling. Openings due to inadequate adhesive bonding may appear as smooth wood surface separations.</b></p><p><br /></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The US Mint basically uses this definition although they combine some terminology from the Numismatic Definition. I think they use this one rather than the Numismatic Definition because they find it useful in their quality control procedures and the evaluation of their policies and procedures for testing materials.</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p><b>While “Delamination” is frequently used in references discussing electroplating, it is not being used in the numismatic sense of “separation of an alloy along internal planes of weakness.” It is used in reference to the separation of the copper plated film from the substrate. A more appropriate descriptive for our purposes would be “peeling.” (Unfortunately, some TPGs have adopted the non-numismatic usage of the word).</b></p><p><b></b>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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