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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;Gorham_Collector, post: 8292260, member: 133572&quot;]Machine doubling is very distinguishable on shields tho. there are shield cents that have class 4&amp;8 doubling and some that have just clash 4.</p><p>Have you see the strong 2014,2015,2019 doubled dies there is almost one for every year. coneca has a good section on all the classes and class 9 as well which I’ll paste below. </p><p><br /></p><p>See also mechanical doubling happens with the die and the Planchet itself.</p><p>The doubled dies happen during the working hub and the actual die for the coin popping into place slightly or jolting which is seen on shield cents. I’ll also post a picture of mechanical doubling on a shield cent as well you don’t see md as much as you think on shields it’s seen a lot more on memorials. </p><p><b>“ CONECA Class 9 (IX) Single Squeeze:</b></p><p>When the working hub in a single squeeze hubbing press is set on a die blank untethered above, it can be at an initial tilt showing some horizontal deviation. Depending on the design used, the hub may sit on a precise spot at first contact. As pressure is exerted, the back of the hub will rock or jolt into its proper position creating doubling on the die face.</p><p><br /></p><p>While Class 9 is tilted, it does not match the timing or sequence of class 8 tilted hub doubling. Class 8 typically resides along the periphery only, and needs a minimum of two hubbings, whereas Class 9 manifests during a single hubbing and can be located centrally or almost throughout the design.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>There are two types of doubling:</b></p><p><b>Jolted (Type 1)</b>: mimics offset doubling, and is focused in a hot zone of the central design elements. Parts of a device are replicated in the adjacent open fields. They can be marginal, offset, or even show rotation. There is a maximum spread, and a limit to how much is duplicated. Typically, there is one region on a coin’s design where almost all doubling occurs. This can be surmised by similar doubling found on coins from Denver and Philadelphia. (e.g., 2009 Lincoln cents)</p><p><br /></p><p>This type of doubling is created earlier in the hubbing, when the die can still jolt back into correct position leaving only a trace of doubling. It should be noted that doubling could be caused, at least on occasion, by the press being reset during a hubbing – there is no clear indication as to how often that occurs.</p><p><br /></p><p>Decisive examples include: 2015P 25c NE DDR-004; 2009 1c FY DDR-002; and 2009D 25c DC DDR-001</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Roly-poly (Type 2)</b>: The second type is characterized by an offset distorted extra thickness that is roly-poly in appearance. Doubling can manifest over a larger section of the die, including the periphery. Doubling is typically stronger centrally and weakens toward the edge of the design. The doubling is related to type 1, with horizontal play between the hub and die, but the point of contact seems unceasing, and instead of a jolt, it rolls under pressure extruding the design as the tilt stabilizes. On some examples, there is a wobble, accounting for notched corners and separation lines.</p><p><br /></p><p>This type of doubling can be secluded to a small area or can be widespread. The doubling is unlike class 4 with milder separation lines, soft corner notching and a roly-poly extra thickness. It is unlike class 6, in that the distortion is offset, and does not distort toward the edge.</p><p><br /></p><p>Key examples include: 2006 1c DDO-003; 2015 1c DDO-001; 2012P $1 BH DDO-001”</p><p>[ATTACH=full]1465984[/ATTACH][/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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