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Message:: [QUOTE="Fallguy, post: 4363208, member: 84739"][ATTACH=full]1102860[/ATTACH]  “One of the most common sources of doubling is die deterioration. As a die pounds away at hundreds of thousands of planchets, the die face slowly degrades. Peripheral letters and numbers become wider and increasingly ill-defined. In some cases the margins of affected design elements deteriorate more rapidly than the interior, leading to a form of doubling called die deterioration doubling or DDD.” Mike Diamond-Special to Coin World, Die deterioration doubling on coins can be raised or incuse, Aug 31, 2012 (Emphasis Added). NB: And I cannot stress this enough, in that SAME ARTICLE, Mr. Diamond goes on to state: “Raised die deterioration doubling isn’t always irregular. Sometimes the raised outline is clearly demarcated with a uniform width as seen in the accompanying 1993-P Washington quarter dollar. This more elegant form of die deterioration doubling is more commonly seen in foreign coins, where breakdown of chrome plating on the die face is thought to be the culprit.” (Emphasis Added) These two photos are of that coin;[ATTACH=full]1102849[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102850[/ATTACH] the first is the original cropped and the second photo has been processed to remove some of the “noise” and resized. While neither image is of high quality, I think one can fairly see the clear demarcation between the actual design and its die deterioration double that the author was alluding to. I would note however, that these artifacts do appear at various locations and/or both sides of the numbers and letters displayed . . . unlike the OPs coin where the demarcations are relatively symmetric and localized. Finally, as mentioned above, there was a third related page that could be accessed from the <a href="http://www.coinsandcanada.com/" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="http://www.coinsandcanada.com/" rel="nofollow">www.coinsandcanada.com</a> website: Errors and varieties listed by Hans Zoell (<a href="https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-errors-varieties-zoell.php" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-errors-varieties-zoell.php" rel="nofollow">https://www.coinsandcanada.com/coins-errors-varieties-zoell.php</a>). In a series of articles written by Ken Potter around the turn of this Century (Die Deterioration Doubling Common On 1999 Coinage: Parts 1-3) he states: “DDD is a term I originally borrowed from Canadian numismatics to replace other terms such as "polished die-doubling", "die fatigue doubling" and "decarburization doubling", which I felt less comfortable with but were in usage in U.S. circles in the early 1980s and earlier. As far as I've been able to ascertain, the term DDD was originally coined by Jack Forbes back in the late 1960s in Unusual Canadian Objects, (a magazine edited by Canadian error-variety coin pioneer, Hans Zoell).” (Emphasis Added). With that information in hand, I ended up again scratching my head after reviewing his photos, though I did find a possible answer to a question that had been nagging me about the way these Canadian coins were being identified. As to his photos that were listed as “double” dies, all but possibly 2 or 3 appear to be the result of MD, DDD or both (not doubled dies), just like the photos from the aforementioned pages on the CoinsandCanada.com website. Here is a compilation of his photos so that the interested reader can reach their own conclusions.[ATTACH=full]1102852[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102853[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102854[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102855[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102856[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102857[/ATTACH] [ATTACH=full]1102858[/ATTACH] Oh, as to the question that was possibly answered . . . I could not figure why most of the photos on the website were listed as “double” dies and not “doubled” dies, especially since Mr. Zoell was recognized as an error and variety pioneer. Well as it turns out, Mr. Zoell was (or is) French Canadian and the French word for “double” is “double”. In addition, the French word for “doubled” is, you guessed it, “double” with the only difference being an accent mark (‘) over the “e”. I believe that most file naming systems are very restrictive as the types of special characters that can be used, and I think it’s reasonable to assume that the computers in Canada are just as restrictive in their conventions. At least one question solved! The bottom line? To me there was nothing that I found while putting this piece together that has dissuaded me from the belief that the OP’s coin was struck with a doubled die; in fact, that belief has been strengthened. Having said that, without having the OP’s coin in hand so that a thorough microscopic analysis could be done, or even more definitively have the die with which the coin was struck, I will never be able to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the coin in question was not the product of a deteriorated die; all I’ve had to work with, as is the case with everyone else, is a set of photos, and I think we all know that photographs of coins, especially less than professionally produced photos can be quite tricky to analyze. Questionable photos or not, the “reasonable doubt” standard is only applicable in Criminal proceedings. Given that this is more of a “Civil” dispute (we are still being civil, correct), the appropriate standard of proof is “by the preponderance of evidence”. While such a case would still have to be submitted to a “jury” for confirmation, I believe that with Observation, Information (data), and the use of Scientific Methodologies as well as the application of its tools, the development of such a case may be possible. Hopefully you will be able to find same when I finish my response to Mr. Diamond’s observations on why he believes the OP’s coin is the result of die deterioration doubling (and I truly thank him for having given a response). It may take a little more time to get that finished, especially given how long it took me to put this post together. At least it appears that “time” is something that we have a surplus of as things currently stand. Until them, Stay Safe and . . . Semper Fidelis. REMAINDER OF HANS ZOELL PHOTOS BELOW[/QUOTE]

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