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<p>[QUOTE=&quot;kaparthy, post: 4443529, member: 57463&quot;]<font face="Georgia">Who struck the Jeton? When was it made? What is its story? Is it rare? </font></p><p><font face="Georgia"><br /></font></p><p><font face="Georgia">On the history itself, I think that you will find some differences between the <i>Britannica </i>and the <i>New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia</i>. (That is also true of the <i>Britannica</i> and the <i>Grolier&#039;s American</i> on the Battle of Lake Erie.) </font></p><p><br /></p><p>At the commencement of Elizabeth&#039;s reign (1558) Philip had been her best friend. His intercession helped to save her life after Wycliffe&#039;s rebellion (1554). He facilitated her accession, supported her against the claims of Mary Stuart, and intervened powerfully in her favor to prevent French aid from being sent to Scotland. When England had emerged triumphant at the treaty of Edinburgh (1560), Elizabeth sent him a special mission of thanks, with the Catholic Lord Montague at its head, to whom she gave a dispensation from the laws of England in order that he might practice Catholicism during the embassy.</p><p>[...]</p><p>The Spaniards of that day were reputed the best soldiers in the world, but in naval maneuvers and in the use of heavy artillery they were far behind their rivals. The worst blunder of all was committed after the death of the Marquess of Santa Cruz, Don Alvaro de Bazan the elder, a veteran sailor, the only naval commander of repute that Spain possessed. Philip after long consideration appointed the Duke of Medina Sidonia to succeed him. In vain did the Duke express his lack of ability and his inexperience in naval matters. The king insisted, and the great nobleman loyally left his splendid castle to attempt the impossible, and to make in good faith the most disastrous errors of leadership.</p><p><br /></p><p>A striking comment on the inefficiency of the vast preparations is afforded by the letters of the papal nuncio at Philip&#039;s court. He reports at the end of February, 1588, that he had been talking with the other envoys from Germany, France, and Venice, and that none of them could make out for certain that the fleet was intended to attack England after all, for which they all thought it far too weak. </p><p><font face="Georgia">[...]</font></p><p><font face="Georgia">(Much more here:&nbsp; <a href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727c.htm" target="_blank" class="externalLink ProxyLink" data-proxy-href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727c.htm" rel="nofollow">https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01727c.htm</a> )</font>[/QUOTE]</p><p><br /></p>

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