In Numismatics, is there a difference between forgery and counterfeit?

Actually, altered is quite a bit different from Reproduction, counterfeit or fake. Altered can indicate intent or re-designed for a purpose, even malicious. IMHO

 

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In a way are we talking about knock offs ? For instance some one makes a copy of a famous piece of jewelry, or coat. Is it real ? of course not. Because the
item was not authorized.
Take the ruling handed down by the Texas supreme
court in 1869 :Tx v White. It concerned Texas issued
bonds created during the war. Were they authentic ?
This ruling could shed light on my example of
CSA coins. The Tx. supreme court ruled that the CSA
states never were legally succeeded from the Union
because the U.S. senate never voted to expel the senators and reps of those states that succeeded. a
requirement of law.
To me that would imply that the U.S. mints were
still under the jurisdiction and authority of the U.S.
government. Even though the CSA Held the mints, they were not authorized to mint coinage. This would support the contention there is no need for intent to
deceive for an item to be fraudulent...Only the matter of authority to produce the item.

 

Agreed GDJMSP; in the Mega Red David Bowers talks about authenticity and "False Coins" covering a gambit of "not genuine" pieces.

 

They are.