At what rarity level does the price start going up? I'm talking about the early years in XF/AU grade range? Thanks.
Depends on the year. Simply go online and look up a price guide for the coins you are looking at. For example, http://www.numismedia.com/rarecoinp...e=any&searchtext=fmv&search6=any&proof=&plus= But price always goes up as grade goes up. There is not a specific grade where it increases drastically across all coins. EDIT: I may have also misunderstood the question. Do you mean how does the grade impact the value, or how the mintage/rarity affects the value?
I just realized I may have misunderstood your question thinking you were asking about the rarity of die marriages. If you’re asking how the rarity of a date impacts its price compared to other dates, the PCGS price guide will give you a general sense of that. Just remember that there are rare die marriages in a lot of dates, so that has an impact as well. Also, sometimes mintage does not indicate true rarity depending on how many were saved. The 1815/2 is a good example of this- high prices because of the low mintage but that coin is not rare, there are lots of them available. This website is a wealth of knowledge on the subject: http://maibockaddict.com/
IN GENERAL, prices start increasing at R5. But there are exceptions in both directions. Your best bet for specifics is to follow Sheridan Downey's auctions.
Strong 4+s will usually garner a small premium--maybe 10 percent, but Publius is right--R5 is usually where a decent premium occurs. Also keep in mind that only a small percentage of CBH collectors collect by die state...therefore, even if a particular die state (ie, 1818 O-112a) is a solid R-5 because the prime 112 is only an R-1 it won't gain nearly the premium.
Yes, I was talking about variety, not the year or die state. For instance the year 18o9 with a rarity 1 compared to a rarity 3 then I take it there would be no premium.