It was in a lot of Spain to Alexandrian Roman provincial issues. After going through the "Corpvs Nummvn Hispaniae Ante Avgvsti Aetatem" by Leandre Villaronga, my guess is it is similar to Kastilo/ Castulo, p. 339, 67. Most of the coins I looked at have the male head to right and the bull also to right. AE Semis / half-Unit Hispania Ulterior, Castulo, ca. 1st century BC 12 mm, 3.24 g. Corpvs Nummvn Hispaniae Ante Avgvsti Aetatem, LKastilo/ Castulo, 67; Ob.: Male head to l. At right two grain stalks or spikes. Rev.: Bull standing to l. head facing. Could the attribution be right? Thank you very much for any help identifying it.
Tell me a story and pretend I have no idea what you are talking about (because I don't).... who or what is "Castulo"?
In 213 BC, Kastilo / Castulo was the site of Hasdrubal Barca's crushing victory over the Roman army with a force of roughly 40,000 Carthaginian troops plus local Iberian mercenaries. Soon after, the Romans made a pact with the residents and the city became a foederati (ally) of Rome. In 197 BC Rome divided the lands under its control in Hispania into two provinces: Citerior and Ulterior. Ulterior initially comprised the territories of modern Andalusia, although during the following two centuries it would end up occupying all of the area located to the west of an imaginary line stretching from the Cape of Gata to Astorga. It was, then, a territory whose limits were constantly changing throughout the Republican period and as large as it was diverse, something that poses a challenge when trying to describe the process of Latinization. The difference between the two regions was noticeable throughout the entire Republican period and was finally established with the Augustan division of Hispania Ulterior into two provinces: Baetica, senatorial, and Lusitania, imperial. There were some later tweaks to the territories: around 17 BC, Lusitania lost its northern part, Gallaecia, in the Astur–Cantabrian Wars and, at some time before 7 BC, the eastern part of Baetica, which included the mining districts of Castulo and Sisapo, went over to the administration of Hispania Citerior. The provincial limits of Baetica and Lusitania remained stable during the rest of Antiquity. It is clear, therefore, that Baetica and Lusitania refer to the Provinciae of the Augustan Age. Source: https://academic.oup.com/book/58982/chapter/494566822 Nowadays it is located near modern Linares in the Andalusian province of Jaén in south-central Spain.
