About the light Pfennig attributed to Rees - Rainald von Dassel

For this Pfennig:
15 mm, 0.558 g, 1h
Germany, mint Abey of Rees, n.d., struck under Rainald von Dassel after 1156, Frisian standard (Münzfuß).

Ob.: Facing half-length figure of archbishop holding crozier in his r. hand and book in l.
Rev.: Central cross, with small crosses in each angle, ✠IC ✠IA ✠IV ✠AI around




I was researching it and found the following information that I would like to share:

Struck according to the light weight Utrecht standard, and not the heavy Cologne standard. This light denar has traditionally been attributed to Rees in the past. This coinage would have been done on behalf of the Marienstift in Rees or by the city of Rees as mint of the archbishopric of Cologne at the time of Bishop Reinald van Dassel (1159-1167).
Based on find data, these light denars must be dated somewhat later than the reign of Reinald van Dassel, namely between 1175 and 1190. Clear historical sources for this coinage, or mention of this light denar in charters are lacking. The reason for the attribution to Rees is, however, the fact that a light denar was minted there under Bishop Engelbert I (1216-1225), which shows almost the same reverse side. However, this attribution to Rees has been strongly doubted for a long time (among others by Buchenau, Prof. G.W. de Wit and R.C.M. Wientjes). Prof. G.W. de Wit argues for Arnhem as the mint, but this is generally considered very unlikely. More likely is the attribution to Kaiserswerth by R.C.M. Wientjes.
In 1174, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa moved the important Rhine toll from Tiel to Kaiserswerth, located halfway between Düsseldorf and Duisburg. In 1181, it also obtained the status of imperial city. Around 700, a Benedictine abbey was founded there on a ′weerd′, an island in the Rhine. The first abbot was a certain Suitbert, who would later become the patron saint of the city. No further information is available about Kaiserswerth as a mint, but it is very possible that at such an important toll place, the imperial mint was also moved from Tiel to Kaiserswerth. At that time, Tiel was strongly in decline and minting had already stopped at the beginning of the 12th century.
These light denars are common. We also know of similar light denars with related text on the reverse, but with an emperor′s bust on the obverse. That type is traditionally attributed to Nijmegen, not far away from Kaiserswerth. That the mints of both coin types should be placed in the same region is clear. The coinage at Kaiserswerth would then have been short but intense. The obverse of this type is clearly derived from the heavy denars of the Cologne archbishops Reinald of Dassel (1159-1167) and Philips of Heinsberg (1167-1191), but in this context should be seen as the patron saint of Kaiserswerth, namely Saint Suitbert.
The connection with the Cologne coin types only benefited the acceptance of this coin type in the region and it is known that the mints in Nijmegen and Kaiserswerth minted according to Utrecht weight standard, but according to Cologne type. (JMP 1980, pp. 114-115)
The text on the reverse has various compositions and is difficult to explain. Some believe that it refers to CIVITAS or CASTRA WERDA (all I′s in the text have no meaning and should be ignored), but that theory seems very dubious. It is more likely that it is a corruption of +TR+AI+EC+TV, and a denar of the Utrecht bishop Godfried van Rhenen (1156-1178) served as an example for the reverse (see van der Chijs plate V, no. 1-2).
As early as 1190, King Henry VI promised the Archbishop of Cologne that he would henceforth have only two mints in this archdiocese, namely Duisburg and Dortmund. This indicates that there were more at that time, although they are not mentioned by name. In the same charter, Henry promised to only have coins minted according to the value, shape and appearance of the Cologne ones. This therefore indicates that denars were minted that deviated from the heavy Cologne tokens. It is very possible that these light Lower Rhine denars (minted according to the Utrecht light weight standard) were the reason for this decision. This put an end to this supposed coinage at Kaiserswerth (see Beeldenaar Dec. 1978 and JMP 1980). The image of the light denar minted under Bishop Engelbert (1216-1225) (Hävernick 768) is clearly derived from this light denar from Kaiserwerth. Hävernick 766 | JMP.1980,pag.133.no.53 (vondst Arnhem 1950)
Beeldenaar 6men Jaargang, no.3 (artikel R.C.M.Wientjes)

According to this information, the obverse is the bust of St. Suitbert with cosier and book and the mint is Germany, Kaiserswerth between 1175 and 1190.