3 pennies, errors?

These are some pennies I have found in my travels thru the magnifying glass. Can anyone explain these to me? Thanks!

 

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Most Likely Machine Doubling but it's hard to tell with those pictures.

 

I agree, they look like machine doubling. The doubling on the 1989 in particular is common. The plating on the zinc cents will stretch slightly and split next to the raised areas. This leaves an exposed sliver of the zinc showing and appears like a doubled die. I would like to see a closer picture of the 1971 S though.

 

The first cent shows machine doubling. The bottom two coins may show splits in the plating or may exhibit a form of die deterioration doubling peculiar to zinc cents. The photo is too blurry to be sure.

 

Thanks for your input!