Just wondering if this is a off center penny maybe 5 to 8 percent with md or some type of doubling.. it shows that all doubling are going northwest. sorry in advance that I am still not yet able to determine what type of doubling it is.
You may have a slight off center or it could be a misaligned die, full coin photos of both sides would be needed. Slight off center or MAD are not uncommon and ad no value. You are correct about the machine doubling on the reverse.
No, they can start to have value as soon as any letters or devises are missing. Value increases the more it's off.
MADs are very common and as noted, they have to be misaligned to the extent the outer devices are affected before a premium can be expected. An off-center strike is less common and will draw a better premium. In my experience, there is a range that optimally draws the better/best premiums. Maybe 10-60% drawing the most. Before or after that, I tend to see the prices go down. The exception I've noted though is when the off-center strike is above 60%, but has a visible date, then the price tends to hold.