Fun lot find just came in the mail - Constantius I Chlorus, as Augustus (305-306) AE Radiate fraction Alexandria mint IMP C CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Radiate draped bust right CONCORDIA MILITVM / Δ / ALE, Emperor receives Victory from Jupiter RIC VI 59a Besides being a mighty handsome coin, this coin carries an unusual distinction - it seems to be the only issue of the radiate fraction from any mint while Constantius was Augustus! Any more out there? Let's see em!
I just got this one Constantius 1 radiate from Carthage. I like this one due to the massive flan size.
Nice examples. I guess they call these coins post-reform radiates. So they are not antoniniani. Any idea of how it was tariffed against the follis?
The best argued numbers for coin values following Diocletian's edict on maximum prices are: nummus - 25 DC post-reform radiate - 4 DC post-reform laureate - 2 DC Where DC = denarii communes. These numbers partly come from the bullion values of bronze and silver (the nummus was 5% silver), and partly from recurring multiples of "4" in Diocletian's price edict. There have been many articles discussing Diocletian's coin tarriffs. The most recent that I'm aware of, where these numbers come from, is: "The Value of Money: Coinage and Diocletian’s Price Edict" by Howard Posner. https://www.academia.edu/33471190/T...age_and_Diocletians_Price_Edict?auto=download
Nice acquisition, @Finn235 These LRB denominations confuse me - can you provide more information on the "fraction" part of your description? I thought these were just "post-reform radiates." I ask this because, if my attribution is right, I have an example of the OP (RIC 59a). I called it a "post-reform radiate" because of online research, not because I know anything. Mine is extra special because it is covered in green warts : Constantius I Chlorus as Aug. (struck by Maximinus Daia) Æ Post-Reform Radiate (305-306 A.D.) Alexandria Mint IMP C CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, Radiate, draped & cuir. bust rt. / CONCORDIA MIL-ITVM, Constantius r. receiving Victory from Jupiter l., Δ /ALE. RIC VI Alexandria 59a. (3.68 grams / 20 mm) eBay July 2018 This one's so ugly I've never posted it before, but here it is: Constantius I Chlorus Anton. (284-294 A.D.) (by Diocletian) Antioch Mint [FL VA]L CONSTANTIVS NOB C, radiate draped & cuir. bust r. / IOVI ET HERCVLI CONS CAES, Jupiter standing r. facing Hercules standing left, A in field, XXII in exergue. RIC V 674 (Diocletian). (4.03 grams / 21 mm) eBay July 2020 A big follis (Caesar): Constantius I Chlorus as Caes. (struck by Maximian) Follis (301 A.D.) Aquileia CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, laureate head right / SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae, V in right field, mintmark AQΓ. RIC VI Aquileia 32a. (8.70 grams / 26 mm) eBay Mar. 2019 My newest one, very green (Caesar): Constantius I Chlorus Æ Follis (struck by Maximian) (294 A.D.) Siscia Mint FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate head right / GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae, S in left field, Γ in right field RIC VI Siscia 81a. (8.53 grams / 26 x 25 mm) eBay Aug. 2021 And that's all my Constantius I Chlorus!
They're called post-reform radiates to differentiate them from the pre-reform ones, i.e. pre/post Diocletian's coinage reform of c.293AD when the nummus was introduced. The pre-reform radiates contained 5% silver, as indicated by their XXI (XX:I = 20:1 parts bronze vs silver) marking, as opposed to the post-reform ones which have close to zero silver content and now instead carry a mintmark indicating the mint/city. The "radiate" part of the name comes from the radiate busts, and is significant because radiate busts were used as a denomination marker, typically "double value", so here we have the post-reform radiate at double the value of the post-reform laureate. Collectors normally call these post-reform radiates since it's more descriptive than just "fractions", and they're really a carry-over from the pre-reform coinage, not directly intended as a clean fraction (1/2 etc) of a nummus. As typical we don't know what the Roman's themselves usually called these denominations, although there is a contemporary reference to the "bicharactar pecuniam" (i.e. "two-person coin") which appears to be a nickname for the concordia militvm type (pre and/or post-reform?) with it's two-person design.
CONSTANTIUS I AE Follis OBVERSE: CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES, Laurate bust, right REVERSE: SAC MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. Star in right field. Mintmark RT Struck at Rome 302-303 AD 8.8g, 27mm RIC VI 106a
@Finn235 , your coin is a beauty. Here is one from that issue from the Second Tetrarchy, but for Galerius as Augustus: Don't let the obverse legend fool you. IMP C MAXIMIANVS PF AVG looks like it should belong to Maximian, but the emperor we call Galerius had the name Galerius Maximianvs and used "MAXIMIANVS" in his legends, too. Galerius as Augustus (Second Tetrarchy) 22 mm. 2.75 grams. IMP C MAXIMIANVS PF AVG Δ ALE RIC VI Alexandria 59b "305-306" Sear IV 14531 I have a web page on the "post-reform radiate" denomination: http://augustuscoins.com/ed/tetrarchy/radiatefraction.html as part of my group of pages on coins of the tetrarchies: http://augustuscoins.com/ed/tetrarchy/extra.html
Something I've also noticed is that pre-reform radiates tend to have portraits with skinnier necks, while post-reforms have those fat meatheads.
..while watching a utube vid from our friend @Classical Numismatics, he said that the post reform portraits of all emperors & caesars were all made to look as the same person(not an 'exac't explanation of the fat neck, but..), for all to regard them as equals in their positions...
The changing artistic style of the tetrarchy, in a statue looted from Constantinople during the 4th Crusade.
This is generally regarded as true, but it does not mean that an experienced collector can't tell them apart by portrait alone. The tetarchal "style" is new to the Romans and the coins, but they still have some individual features (e.g. in the east, Constantius is portrayed with curls in his beard. Maximian has an upturned nose.) Portraits also depend upon the mint. Nicomedia has the largest "bull neck" portraits. If you would like to compare portraits of the four rulers of the first tetrarchy, here is a site to do just that on folles a.k.a. nummi): http://augustuscoins.com/ed/tetrarchy/bymint.html Constantius as Caesar Alexandria 27-24 mm. 11.42 grams. FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB CAES Note the curls in his beard. Curls only appear on coins of eastern mints. S in left field A over P in right field ALE in exergue RIC Alexandria 35a "c. 302-303"
Yes, this may have been part of Diocletian's plan for the tetrarchy, but the tetrarchy barely survived Diocletian's retirement in 305 AD. By 307 AD we've already got usurpers Constantine, Maxentius and Maximianus, tetrarch Severus II dead at their hands, and Galerius defeated by Maxentius. By 308 AD Galerius's attempt to regroup at Carnuntum is basically laughed at by all concerned: -- Daia immediately starts recognizing newly-denounced Maximianus -- Constantine and Daia each ignore their new "FIL AVG" status -- Maximianus tries to usurp usurper Constantine -- Domitius Alexander succeeds in usurping usurper Maxentius -- Galerius's appointed saviour of the western empire, Licinius, just stays home Tetrarchy R.I.P. At this point it is every man for himself, and to hell with cookie-cutter portraits!
Apologies if most things I post are London, but my Roman are restricted to coins struck in Britain - one example per depicted person from Carausius to a realistic end-point of Constantius II, together with an example of any denomination that would have circulated. So, my Constantius I, struck at London without mint signature c.303-5. A cracking nose on this one, and the ubiquitous GPR reverse.
I like this thread, here are my tetrarchy brothers from different mothers: Constantius I Caesar 293-305 A.D. fractional radiate RIC 40b (RIC 41?) Ticinum Draped and cuirassed bust right FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C VOT X T within wreath Galerius as Caesar 295–296 A.D. fractional radiate RIC VI 16 Heraclea Radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right GAL VAL MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES CONCORDIA MILITVM Galerius standing right in military dress receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter leaning on scepter Mintmark H Delta