#18: Lombardy-Venetia, 3 Centesimi 1822, Francis I I believe Lombardy-Venetia was under Habsburg rule at the time, so King Francis I of Lombardy-Venetia would be the same guy as HRE Franz II. This coin has a huge rim dent and has generally seen better days, but any pre-unification Italian coppers I can get for cheap I snap up.
#19: Netherlands, 1 Cent, 1837, Willem I On reverse: Mint Mark (5:00) Caduceus (Utrecht), Privy Mark (7:00) Torch
#21: Papal States, 1 Quattrino, Benedict XVI year XVI, 1755 or 1766 Unfortunately, the last 2 digits of the date on the reverse are effaced. But if the other side says Pope Benedict XVI year XVI, it must be either 1755 or 1766. Reverse should say "QVATRINO ROMANO".
#23: Russia, 2 Kopeck, 1812 И.М. (Izhora) ПС (Pavel Stupitsyn) Not 100% Sure on the date/mint/initials, but I think this is the best match.
#24: Venice, (ND) 1623-24, 1 Soldo, Francesco Contarini Ob (R): Doge kneeling in front of winged, haloed Lion of St. Mark Rev (L): Christ with raised hand, "DEFENS NOSTER" The two faces are almost a quarter turn misaligned. Oddly, this is the second of this type I've come across. The first one was in even rougher condition!
#25: 1 Duit, VOC, West Friesland 1729-1794 I think the two lions on the obverse in the shield make this a West Friesland issue for the Netherlands East India Company. The date at the bottom of the reverse is no longer readable (except for maybe 17xx). This specimen is suspiciously underweight. Diameter is right for a duit at 21 mm, but weight of 2.3 grams is much less than Numista's 3.2 grams. Even with wear I can't account for that much difference. I don't know how consistent the weights were on these over the course of the series. I also wonder if contemporary counterfeits were widespread. Most copper coins were minted at a considerable profit over metal cost, so I suspect so.
#26: Papal States, Clement VIII, 1600, Quattrino? Obverse: Papal arms with crossed keys Reverse: Holy Door Only a partial ID on this one so far. I've seen enough of these Jubliee Year/Holy Door types to recognize it as a likely Papal States issue. On the obverse, from 2:00 to 6:00 it says "CLEM VIII", so it must be from Pope Clement VIII (1592-1605). Of those dates, only 1600 would be a Jubilee Year. I think I can make out the "M and DC" inside the door on the reverse. It's about 21 mm (irregular) and 2.17 g. My Krause catalog stops at 1601, which is one year too late. On Numista, the quattrino looks very similar, but with a weight listed at 4.92 g. Oddly, the Bologna issue from 1604 is listed at 2.63 g, which is a lot closer to mine. I don't know which of the Papal States issues might have been lighter. Or if it might be a billon coin and thus smaller than a pure copper one. Was there ever a half quattrino coin? Any advice on this one would be much appreciated!
An easier one, for once. The text was almost all readable. Wismar, 3 Pfening, 1829 HM Ob: "MONETA NOVA WISMARENSIS" with City Arms Rev: "III PFENING 1829 H.M." I know there's more than one way to spell Pfening/Pfennig. But I'm pretty sure the transcription on the Numista one for this is wrong. It sure looks like "PFENING" to me and not "PFENNIG"
Did you mean the holed one? Took me a while to find it--it was already put away with my other loose UK coppers. I don't know varieties like you do to know which ones are potentially interesting. If that's not it, there are a lot more where that came from. Quantity over quality--that's my motto!
1844 is a fairly scarce date in itself - there is a variety which is missing the lower stroke in the E of DEF (DFF) but I can't see if this is the case with yours.